目的 以红花-桃仁药对汤液中相态差异为基础，探究煎煮过程对该药对药效物质的传递作用。方法 采用超速离心和透析技术对红花-桃仁药对汤液进行相态拆分，使用马尔文粒径仪、透射电子显微镜对各相态的粒径、ζ电位、微观形态进行表征，选用气相色谱法、紫外分光光度法、HPLC法对各相态的脂肪酸、蛋白、糖类以及红花有效成分羟基红花黄色素A（hydroxysafflor yellow A，HSYA）、脱水红花黄色素B（anhydrosafflor yellow B，AHSYB）的含量进行测定；拆分单煎液、分煎合并液及共煎液的相态，并比较不同药液中同级相态的物质组成或微观形态的差异，考察煎煮方式对相态形成的影响。结果 红花-桃仁药对汤液中分离得到了1个亲油型相态②和6个亲水型相态①③④⑤⑥⑧；亲油型相态②由棕榈酸、棕榈油酸、十七烷酸、硬脂酸、油酸、亚油酸、花生四烯酸、二十烷酸共8种脂肪酸组成；亲水型相态粒径在20～1000 nm，主要为混悬相态与胶体相态，糖类、蛋白是亲水型相态的重要组成物质，HSYA、AHSYB主要分布于亲水型相态③⑥⑧中。共煎煮可形成亲油型相态，其脂肪酸组成与桃仁油相近，单煎液、分煎合并液及共煎液中亲水型相态⑥⑧粒子的形态有一定差异，共煎液中相态⑥⑧粒子的粒径均一性、稳定性最佳。结论 物相形态是红花-桃仁药对药效物质传递的重要形式，煎煮过程特别是共煎煮，是该药对有效相态形成的重要步骤。

Objective To explore the delivering effects of decocting process on the pharmacodynamic substances in Carthami Flos-Persicae Semen herb pair based on the phase state differences. Methods The phase states of the co-decoction were separated using ultracentrifugation and dialysis, and the particle size, ζ potential, and microscopic morphology of each phase state were characterized by Zetasizer Nano ZS instrument and transmission electron microscope. The content of fatty acids, proteins, saccharine, hydroxysafflor yellow A (HSYA) and anhydrosafflor yellow B (AHSYB) were determined by gas chromatography, UV spectrophotometry and HPLC. The effects of decoction modes on phase states formation were investigated by splitting the phase states in single-, merged- and co-decoction and then comparing the composition or microscopic forms of phase states in different decoctions. Results One oleophilic phase state ② and six hydrophilic phase states including ①, ③, ④, ⑤, ⑥, and ⑧ were isolated from Carthami Flos-Persicae Semen herb pair decoction; The oleophilic phase state consisted of eight fatty acids including palmitic acid, palmitoleic acid, margaric acid, stearic acid, oleic acid , linoleic acid, arachidonic acid, and arachidic acid and the hydrophilic phases were mainly miscible or colloidal phase states with the particle size ranging from 20 to 1000 nm. Both saccharine and proteins are important constituents of the hydrophilic phases, and HSYA, AHSYB are predominantly distributed in the hydrophilic phases ③, ⑥ and ⑧. Co-decocting can form oleophilic phase state, whose fatty acid composition is similar to that of peach kernel oil. The microscopic morphology of hydrophilic phases ⑥ and ⑧ in single-, merged- and co-decoction are slightly different, and phases ⑥ and ⑧ in co-decoction present the good particle size uniformity and stability. Conclusion The phase state is an important form for delivering the pharmacodynamic substances in Carthami Flos-Persicae Semen herb pair, and the decocting process, especially the co-decocting, is the essential procedure for the formation of the effective phase states of this herb pair.

R283.6

上海市卫生健康学科带头人项目（2022XD026）