1987年颁布的《野生药材资源保护管理条例》（以下简称《条例》）是我国第一部专门保护野生药材的行政法规，为野生药材保护提供了重要法律保障。随着振兴中医药发展和推进生态文明建设成为中华民族伟大复兴新的使命，中药材资源保护和利用工作面临的形势和任务也发生了深刻变化，完善中药材资源保护法规已成为国家和行业的迫切需求。《条例》作为我国生物资源保护法律体系的重要组成部分，在满足中药材资源保护的同时，也要做好与其他生物资源保护有关规定的协调统一。通过梳理我国生物资源保护法律法规的有关规定，以保护中药材实体资源、遗传资源、栖息地和保障生物安全作为中药材资源保护体系的基本框架，探讨了中药材的保护范围、分类分级保护、采猎、人工培育繁育、利用、出口及外国人准入等，为《条例》修订提供参考。

The Regulation on the Protection and Management of Wild Traditional Chinese Medicinal Materials Resources (hereinafter referred to as the Regulation) promulgated in 1987 is Chinese first administrative regulation specifically on the protection of wild traditional Chinese medicinal (TCM) materials, providing an important legal guarantee for the protection of wild TCM materials. As revitalizing the development of TCM and promoting the construction of ecological civilization have become the new mission of the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation, the situation and tasks of the protection and utilization of TCM materials have also undergone profound changes, and improving the regulations on the protection of TCM materials resources has become an urgent need of the country and the industry. As an important part of Chinese legal system for the protection of biological resources, the Regulation should not only meet the requirements for the protection of TCM materials, but also coordinate and unify the relevant provisions on the protection of other biological resources. By combing relevant provisions of Chinese laws and regulations on the protection of biological resources, this paper takes the protection of physical resources, genetic resources, habitat and bio-safety of TCM materials as the basic framework of the protection system of TCM materials, and discusses the scope of protection, classification of protection, hunting, artificial cultivation and breeding, utilization, export and admittance of foreigners, so as to provide reference for the revision of the Regulation.

R28