外来中药是中药的重要组成部分，也是探讨国际交流影响中医药发展的重要材料。尽管一些重要时期的外来中药品种已有了梳理，但传统中医药领域使用外来中药的全貌，以及外来中药在中医临床和中医药发展中的作用还缺乏系统分析。系统梳理了从《神农本草经》至《中华本草》的外来中药，统计分析了这些外来中药的基原、原产地、引入时间、引入途径、主治和功效等信息。结果表明，本草文献纪录的外来中药有747味，占中华本草所载中药总量的8.32%，其中植物药741味，动物药4味，矿物药2味；植物药来源于96科316属472种（包括亚种、变种和杂交种），动物药来源于4科4属4种；矿物药来源于2种矿物。外来中药主要通过观赏途径、果蔬途径、药用途径和香料途径等传入中国。这747味外来中药中有195味已形成药用市场，其中资源供给来自于国内的有165味，来自于国内和进口的有24味，来自于国外进口的有6味（没药、没食子、檀香、乳香、梅花冰片、胖大海）。外来中药的引入在清朝以前增长缓慢，清朝时显著增加，清朝以后剧增。外来中药的药性多为平、凉、寒，药味多为苦、甘、辛；功效方面以清热解毒类外来中药的引入开发最为多见。外来中药弥补了原有中药在中医临床用药选择或资源上的不足，促进了中医药的持续性开放发展。

Exotic Chinese medicine (ECM), an important part of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), is significant to exploring international exchanges’ impact on TCM development. Although some important period of ECM has been combed, the entire directory and the role of ECM played in the TCM’s development are still confusing. This research systematically combed the ECM from Sheng Nong's Herbal Classic (Shennong Bencaojing in Chinese) to Chinese Materia Medica (Zhonghua Bencao in Chinese). We analyzed the species, the origin place, the introduction time, introduction routes, and medical information of ECM. The results showed that the ECM recorded in the herb literature are 747 flavors, accounting for 8.32% of the total amount of Chinese herbals contained in Chinese Materia Medica. There are 741 flavors of plant medicine, four flavors of animal medicine, two flavors of mineral medicine. The plant medicines are from 96 families, 316 genera 472 species (including subspecies, variants, and hybrids). The main routes of ECM that came to China are ornamental, fruit and vegetable, unintentional introduction, medicinal, and spice. Of these 747 flavors of ECM, 195 flavors have formed a pharmaceutical market. Of these 195 flavors, 165 come from the domestic, 24 from domestic and imported, six from imports (myrrh, nutgall, sandalwood, frankincense, Borneol of plum blossom, Malva nut). The introduction rate of ECM grew slowly before Qing Dynasties and increased dramatically from Qing Dynasty. Most ECM’s properties are calm, cool, cold; Most ECM’s tastes are bitter, sweet, pungent; Most ECM’s efficacy is clear heat. In conclusion, the ECM makes up for the shortage of TCM’s clinical drug selection or resources, and promotes its sustainable development.

R286

国家自然科学基金资助项目（81973416）