随着中医药事业不断发展，我国中药资源的需求量日益增加，过度开发利用也使我国中药资源短缺问题愈发严重，使用进口药材来补充国内短缺药材资源已成为解决该问题的重要方法之一。我国进口药材来源国以周边邻国为主，其中，湄公河流域国家与我国在传统医药方面的交流源远流长，秦汉至明清时期湄公河流域国家众多药材通过商贸、朝贡等途径输入到我国后得到中医认可与使用，进一步增加了中药品种数量，丰富了中医治疗药物。通过梳理古今我国从湄公河流域国家进口药材种类和使用情况，为了解掌握进口药材提供一定程度借鉴。

With the continuous development of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), the demand for Chinese materia medica (CMM) resources in our country is increasing. The problem of shortage of CMM resources in our country has been aggravated by excessive exploitation and utilization. It has become one of the important ways to solve this problem by using imported medicinal materials to supply the domestic shortage of CMM resources. Neighboring countries’ CMM resources are the mainly source of our country’s imported medicinal materials. The communication between the countries along the Mekong River and China in TCM have a long history and deep roots. From the Qin and Han Dynasties to the Ming and Qing dynasties, the countries along the Mekong River transported large quantity of medicinal materials to China through trade, tribute and other channels, which has been recognized and used by TCM, further increasing the number of varieties of CMM and enriching the therapeutic medicines of TCM. This paper sorts out the types and usage of medicinal materials imported from the countries along the Mekong River during ancient and modern times in China, which provides a certain degree of reference for understanding and mastering imported medicinal materials.

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国家中医药管理局委托办事任务：本草惠澜湄——澜湄六国传统药物产业基地建设（2020）；中国工程院2022年战略研究与咨询项目（2022-XZ-14）