目的 探究不同生长年限党参Codonopsis pilosula根系微生物群落结构变化及其与土壤环境因子的相关性，以提高党参品质。方法 对一、二、三年生党参土壤、根际土壤和根进行高通量测序和生物信息学分析。结果 随党参生长年限的增加，土壤和根际土壤中优势细菌Arthrobacter处于动态平衡，而根内细菌Ralstonia丰度减少。真菌Mortierella在土壤和根际土壤中丰度逐年降低，病原真菌Fusarium在党参根系中丰度逐年增加。不同生长年限的党参根系微生物群落组装更多的受随机性过程影响，且根系细菌的群落功能稳定性高于真菌。蛋白酶（protease，PRO）、全氮（total nitrogen，TN）、速效钾（available potassium，AK）、水分（water content，WC）、速效磷（available phosphorus，AP）和土壤有机质（soil organic matter，SOM）是影响不同生长年限党参根系细菌群落结构和多样性的主要影响因素，TN和全钾（TK）是影响真菌群落结构和多样性的主要影响因素。结论 党参根系微生物群落组成和多样性随生长年限改变，并对不同土壤环境因子作出差异化响应，该研究为后期深入研究党参病害防治，提高党参品质提供理论基础。

Objective To explore the changes of root microbial community structure of Dangshen[Codonopsis pilosula (Franch.) Nannf.] in different growth years and its correlation with soil environmental factors in order to improve the quality of C. pilosula. Methods The soil, rhizosphere soil and roots of C. pilosula in the first, second and third years were analyzed by high-throughput sequencing and bioinformatics. Results With the increase of growth years of C. pilosula, the Arthrobacter of dominant bacteria in soil and rhizosphere soil was in dynamic balance, while the abundance of bacterial Ralstonia in root was decreased. The abundance of fungal Mortierella in soil and rhizosphere soil decreased year by year, while the abundance of pathogenic fungus Fusarium in C. pilosula root increased year by year. The microbial community assembly of C. pilosula roots with different growth years is more affected by random processes, and the functional stability of root bacteria is higher than that of fungi. Protease, total nitrogen, available potassium, water content, available phosphorus and soil organic matter are the main factors affecting the bacterial community structure and diversity of C. pilosula roots in different growth years. Total nitrogen and total potassium are main factors affecting the structure and diversity of fungal community. Conclusion The composition and diversity of root microbial community of C. pilosula changed with the growth years, and responded to different soil environmental factors, which provided a theoretical basis for the later in-depth study of C. pilosula disease control and improving its quality.

国家自然科学基金资助项目（32160066）；甘肃省自然科学基金项目（20JR5RA475）；兰州理工大学青年人才支持计划项目（2018）