抑郁症的发病率呈逐年上升趋势，但至今其发病机制并没有完全阐明。尽管不断有新的抗抑郁药物问世，但减轻药物的不良反应及根治抑郁症仍然是一大难题。国内外越来越多的研究已证实，菌群紊乱及其代谢失调与抑郁症发生发展息息相关。对脑-肠轴的现代与传统研究、肠道菌群及其代谢产物与抑郁症的相关性、中药对肠道菌群及其代谢产物的矫正作用进行综述，为阐明抑郁症的发病机制和中药抗抑郁作用机制研究提供参考。

The incidence of depression is increasing year by year, but its pathogenesis has not been fully elucidated so far. Although new antidepressant drugs continue to be developed, it remains a challenge to reduce adverse drug reactions and cure depression. In addition, an increasing number of studies at home and abroad have confirmed that disorders of gut microbiota and their metabolic dysregulation are closely related to the development of depression. The differences in gut microbiota between healthy people and patients with depression, the relationship between gut microbiota and its metabolites and depression, as well as the correction effect of traditional Chinese medicine intervention on gut microbiota and its metabolites were reviewed, to provide reference for elucidating the pathogenesis of depression and the anti-depression mechanism of traditional Chinese medicine.

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国家自然科学基金资助项目（82074147）；山西省基础研究计划项目（202103021224026）；山西省重点研发计划项目（202102130501010）；山西省科技厅平台基地项目（202105D121009，202204010931030）