细胞外囊泡（extracellular vesicles，EVs）是内源性脂质双分子层纳米囊泡，由内溶酶体途径主动合成并分泌到细胞间隙或系统循环中，具有高生物相容性、低免疫原性及靶向性等特点。EVs不仅在细胞间通讯发挥重要作用，由于其复杂的组成及在健康和疾病中的作用，其作为治疗手段也越来越受到重视。中药活性成分具有明确的药理作用，然而其溶解度差、生物利用度低、存在不良反应等缺陷限制了其临床应用，利用EVs作为载体递送中药组分可提高其生物利用度等。通过对不同来源EVs的分泌、生物学功能、载药方式及其在多种疾病的药物递送及治疗中的重要应用进行综述，为EVs递送中药组分在临床中的应用提供依据。

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are endogenous lipid bilayer nanovesicles that are actively synthesized by the endolysosomal pathway and secreted into the interstitial space or systemic circulation with high biocompatibility, low immunogenicity, and targeting characteristics. EVs not only play an important role in intercellular communication, they are also gaining attention as therapeutic tools due to their complex composition and role in health and disease. The active ingredients of Chinese medicines have clear pharmacological effects, however, their poor solubility, low bioavailability and the presence of adverse effects limit their clinical application, and the use of EVs as carriers for delivery of Chinese medicine components can improve their bioavailability, etc. By reviewing the secretion, biological functions and drug delivery modes of EVs from different sources and their important applications in drug delivery and treatment of various diseases, we provide a basis for the clinical application of EVs for delivery of herbal components.

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国家自然科学基金资助项目（82274104）；国家自然科学基金资助项目（82074024）；中华中医药学会青年人才托举工程A类项目（2021-QNRC2-A01）