目的 优化高山桑黄Sanghuangporus alpinus挥发油的提取工艺，对其化学成分进行分析，并评价其生物活性。方法 采用单因素试验和响应面法（RSM）优化超临界CO₂萃取高山桑黄挥发油的工艺条件；使用GC-MS、MTS和微量稀释方法鉴定挥发油的化学成分，并评估其体外抗炎、抗肿瘤和抗菌活性。结果 超临界CO₂萃取高山桑黄挥发油的最佳工艺条件为萃取温度47 ℃、萃取压力31 MPa、萃取时间1.5 h，在此条件下挥发油提取得率为（0.326±0.005）%。高山桑黄挥发油主要化学成分为四氯藜芦醚、1,2,4,5-四氯-3,6-二甲氧基苯、1,2,3,4-四氯-5-甲氧基-6-硝基苯、亚油酸乙酯、二十五烷。挥发油表现出显著的体外抗炎和抗肿瘤作用，但其抑菌活性不显著。结论 成功优化了高山桑黄挥发油的提取工艺，在最适条件下获得了较高的得率；结合体外模型与生物活性评价，可为高山桑黄的药物开发和资源利用提供价值参考。

Objective To optimize the extraction of volatile oil from Gaoshan Sanghuang (Sanghuangporus alpinus), analyze its constituents, and evaluate their biological activities. Methods According to the result of the single factor experiment, the supercritical CO₂ extraction conditions of volatile oil from S. alpinus were optimized by the single factor test and response surface method (RSM). The chemical constituents, biological activities of anti-inflammatory in vitro, antitumor, and antibacterial of volatile oil were evaluated by GC-MS, MTS, and microdilution methods. Results The optimal conditions for extracting volatile oil were found to be 47℃ and 31 MPa pressure for 1.5 h. The yield obtained was (0.326 ±0.005)%. The volatile oil of S. alpinus contains 1,2,3,4-tetrachloro-5,6-dimethoxy-benzene, 1,2,3,4-tetrachloro-5-methoxy-6-nitro-benzene, linoleic acid ethyl ester, and pentacosane. The volatile oil exhibited significant activities in vitro anti-inflammatory and antitumor properties. However, it showed no significant antibacterial activity. Conclusion The study successfully optimized the extraction of volatile oil from S. alpinus, resulting in a significantly high yield under the tested conditions. The integration of in vitro models and biological activities evaluation provides valuable insights for pharmaceutical development and resource utilization from S. alpinus.

R283.6

云南省教育厅科学研究基金项目（2022Y584）；云南重大科技专项计划项目（202202AE090001）；国家现代农业产业技术体系（CARS-21-05B）；西南林业大学科技创新基金项目（KY21029）