目的 研究猫爪草Ranunculi Ternati Radix的化学成分及其体外抗结核杆菌活性。方法 综合运用正相硅胶柱色谱、大孔树脂柱色谱、薄层色谱和高效液相色谱等多种色谱技术对猫爪草醇提物进行分离纯化，根据化合物的理化性质及其波谱数据鉴定其结构，并采用微量肉汤二倍稀释法对所得到的单体化合物进行体外抗结核杆菌活性评价。结果 从猫爪草醇提物中分离鉴定了11个单体化合物，分别为(5S)-5-[5-(furan-3-yl)-2-methyl-5-oxopentyl]-3-methylfuran-2(5H)-one（1）、棕榈酸乙酯（2）、邻苯二甲酸二丁酯（3）、反式-4-羟基-2-壬烯酸（4）、亚油酸甲酯（5）、亚油酸乙酯（6）、亚油酸（7）、1-O-(9Z, 12Z-octadecadienoyl) glycerol（8）、烟酰胺（9）、腺苷（10）和邻苯二甲酸二甲酯（11）。体外抗结核杆菌实验结果表明，化合物1、2、4～8和10对牛型分枝杆菌BCG有较弱抑制活性，其最低抑菌浓度均为100 μg/mL。结论 化合物1为新的呋喃倍半萜，命名为猫爪草呋喃倍半萜A，化合物4、8～11为首次从该植物中分离得到。化合物1、2、4～8和10对牛型分枝杆菌BCG有较弱抑制活性。

Objective To investigate the chemical constituents from Maozhaocao (Ranunculi Ternati Radix) and their activities against Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Methods Various chromatographic techniques, including silica gel column chromatography, macroporous resin column chromatography, TLC and HPLC, were used to separate and purify the ethanol extracts from Ranunculi Ternati Radix. The structures of isolates were elucidated by physicochemical properties and spectral analyses. The activity of all compounds against M. tuberculosis in vitro was tested by microbroth double dilution method. Results Eleven compounds were isolated from Ranunculi Ternati Radix and identified as (5S)-5-(5-(furan-3-yl)-2-methyl-5-oxopentyl)-3-methylfuran-2(5H)-one (1), ethyl palmitate (2), dibutyl phthalate (3), trans-4-hydroxy-2-nonenoic acid (4), methyl linoleate (5), ethyl linoleate (6), linoleic acid (7), 1-O-(9Z,12Z-octadecadienoyl) glycerol (8), niacinamide (9), β-adenosine (10), dimethyl phthalate (11), respectively. Compounds 1, 2, 4-8 and 10 had mild inhibitory activities against Mycobacterium bovis BCG, all with a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) value of 100 μg/mL, respectively. Conclusion Compound 1 is a new furanosesquiterpenoid, named ranunculifuran A. Compounds 4, 8-11 were isolated from Ranunculi Ternati Radix for the first time. Compounds 1, 2, 4-8 and 10 had mild inhibitory activities against M. bovis BCG.

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国家自然科学基金资助项目（22207063）；高等学校学科创新引智计划（D20015）；湖北省教育厅科学技术研究项目（Q20161207）；天然产物研究与利用湖北省重点实验室（三峡大学）开放基金（2022NPRD07）