辐射诱变育种是利用物理方法加速生物体自然变异、从而快速获得性状优异的新种质、并通过严格选育形成性状稳定新品种的现代育种技术之一，其不涉及外源基因导入，并可大幅缩短育种周期。通过对⁶⁰Co-γ辐射、重离子辐射、常温常压等离子体、中波红斑效应紫外线、激光辐射和空间诱变6种主要辐射诱变育种方法的基本原理、特点、生物学效应及在中药材育种中的应用进行综述，并探讨了相关辐射诱变技术在中药材领域的安全性和应用前景，为中药材辐射诱变育种相关研究与应用提供借鉴和参考。

Radiation mutagenesis breeding is one of the modern breeding techniques that accelerate the natural variation of organisms by physical methods, so as to quickly obtain new germplasm with excellent characters and form new varieties with stable characters through strict breeding. It does not involve the introduction of foreign genes and can greatly shorten the breeding cycle. The basic principles, characteristics, biological effects of six major radiation mutagenesis breeding methods, including ⁶⁰Co-γ radiation, heavy ion radiation, atmospheric and room temperature plasma, ultraviolet erythema effect, laser radiation and space mutagenesis, and their applications in the breeding of Chinese medicinal materials were reviewed. The safety and application prospect of relevant radiation mutagenesis technology in the field of Chinese medicinal materials were discussed, which provided reference for the relevant research and application of radiation mutagenesis breeding for Chinese medicinal materials.

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现代农业产业技术体系建设专项：核辐射作物品种改良与害虫防控（CARS-21）；中国医学科学院医学与健康科技创新工程（2021-I2M-1-031，2021-I2M-1-032）