目的 对老鹳草Geranium wilfordii及70%丙酮提取不同溶剂萃取物的主体成分、特定成分进行快速的分析与鉴定。方法 采用红外光谱、二阶导数光谱结合二维相关红外光谱对老鹳草及其70%丙酮提取不同溶剂萃取物进行分析鉴定。结果 红外宏观指纹分析结果发现老鹳草原药材含有1730、1618～1445、1337 cm^-1等特征谱线，主要归属于老鹳草素及其衍生物的鞣质类化合物的特征吸收。通过分析不同极性萃取物，可以快速获知老鹳草素及其衍生物的富集情况和发现亚硝酸钾的前体硝酸钾的存在和分布情况。光谱分析结果表明，醋酸乙酯层、正丁醇层萃取物与老鹳草素相关系数分别为0.944 3、0.930 2，验证大量老鹳草素及其衍生物的存在，及其主要集中在该两层；在氯仿层、醋酸乙酯层和水层提取物中有硝酸钾特征吸收峰，以水层最明显。结论 红外光谱不仅可以对主要有机成分（鞣质、黄酮和多糖类等）进行检测分析，同时可对硝酸钾为代表的无机盐进行快速检测，在中药质量与安全的分析评估中其有广阔的应用前景。

Objective transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) combined with second derivative spectroscopy and two-dimensional correlation infrared spectroscopy (2D-COS) were employed to identify and analyze the main components of Geranium wilfordii Maxim.and its multi-level extacts. The emergence of characteristic absorption peaks (1 730, 1 618～1 445 and 1337 cm^-1) of geraniin suggested that Geranium wilfordii Maxim. contained geraniin and its derivatives. By stepwisely analyzing multi-level extracts, the enrichment flow of Geraniin and its derivatives were fast acqiured. The presence and distribution profile of potassium nitrite, a precursor of potassium nitrite, were obtained as well. The correlation coefficients with geraniin of ethyl acetate portion and n-butanol portion were 0.9443 and 0.9302, The infrared spectra of the four layers of Geranium wilfordii Maxim..acetone extract showed that geraniin and its derivatives were mainly concentrated in ethyl acetate portion and n-butanol portion. The characteristic absorption peaks of potassium nitrate were found in chloroform, ethyl acetate and aqueous portions. The characteristic absorption peaks of potassium nitrate were the most obvious in aqueous portion.

R286.2

国家自然科学基金项目（81973431）