目的 比较古代经典炮制方法与《中国药典》2020年版收载炮制方法对制何首乌Polygoni Multiflori Radix Praeparata饮片主要化学成分及颜色的影响，探讨古今炮制方法的差异性。方法 采用HPLC法测定制何首乌不同饮片中没食子酸、5-羟甲基糠醛、二苯乙烯苷、大黄素-8-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷、大黄素甲醚-8-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷、大黄素、大黄素甲醚共7种成分含量；采用电子眼技术对制何首乌不同饮片颜色进行客观表征；利用偏最小二乘回归法（partial least squares regression method，PLS）对主要成分含量与颜色进行相关性分析。结果 古今方法炮制的制何首乌饮片在化学成分组成及含量方面具有显著差异，药典法制何首乌中没食子酸含量约为九蒸九晒何首乌的1.3倍，与九蒸九晒何首乌相比，二苯乙烯苷减少了约43%，蒽醌苷类成分减少了约74%，5-羟甲基糠醛仅在药典法制何首乌中检出。电子眼分析结果显示，何首乌经炮制后颜色变深变红变蓝，药典法较九蒸九晒制何首乌饮片颜色变化程度更深。7种主要成分含量和颜色的系统聚类分析（hierarchical cluster analysis，HCA）和主成分分析（principal component analysis，PCA）结果均显示，不同方法炮制的制何首乌饮片可以分别聚类，且与生首乌相比，古、今方法炮制的何首乌可聚为一类，体现了古今炮制方法的个性特征和共性规律。何首乌不同饮片中没食子酸、二苯乙烯苷、大黄素-8-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷、大黄素甲醚与其颜色指标显著相关。结论 古代经典九蒸九晒法与药典法制何首乌饮片的主要成分含量及颜色的总体变化趋势较为相似，但有程度上的差异，且二者成分组成也有明显的区别，极有可能导致其药效及毒性的差异。

Objective To compare the effect of ancient classical processing method and those contained in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2020 edition) on the main chemical components and colors of Zhiheshouwu (Polygoni Multiflori Radix Praeparata, PMRP) decoction pieces, and to explore the differences between the ancient and modern processing methods. Methods HPLC was used to determine the contents of gallic acid, 5-hydroxymethylfurfural, stilbene glycoside, emodin-8-O-β-D-glucoside, physcion-8-O-β-D-glucoside, emodin, physcion in different decoction pieces of PMRP; Electronic eye technology was used to objectively characterize the color of different decoction pieces of PMRP; Partial least square regression method (PLS) was used to analyze the correlation between the content of main components and color characteristics. Results The content determination results showed that the content of gallic acid in PMRP prepared by pharmacopoeia method was about 1.3 times that of the Polygoni Multiflori Radix (PMR) prepared by nine times of steaming and drying. Compared with PMR prepared by nine times of steaming and drying, the content of stilbene glycosides and anthraquinone glycosides decreased by about 43% and 74%. 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural was detected only in PMRP prepared by pharmacopoeia method. The results of electronic eye analysis showed that the color of PMR became dark, red and blue after processing, and the change of color in PMRP prepared by pharmacopoeia method was deeper than that in PMR prepared by nine times of steaming and drying. The results of hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) and principal component analysis (PCA) of the content of seven main components and the colors showed that PMRP decoction pieces processed by different methods could be clustered separately, and compared with raw PMR, PMR processed by ancient and modern methods could be clustered together, which reflected the individual characteristics and common rules of ancient and modern processing methods. Gallic acid, stilbene glycoside, emodin-8-O-β-D-glucoside and physcion in different decoction pieces of PMR were significantly correlated with their color indexes. Conclusion The overall trend of changes of the contents of the main components and the color of PMRP decoction pieces are similar between the ancient classic method of nine times of steaming and drying and the pharmacopoeia method, but there are differences in degree, and there are also differences in composition, which may lead to the differences in their efficacy and toxicity.

R283.6

中国中医科学院科技创新工程项目（CI2021A04205）；中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项（ZXKT23007）