随着社会发展和生活水平的提高，恶性肿瘤已经成为影响人类健康的重大疾病之一。有毒蒙药在治疗疾病及救治疑难杂症中具有重要作用。多种有毒蒙药有一定的抗肿瘤作用，且有着良好的治疗效果，但由于其本身的毒性，使其在临床上的应用受到很大的限制。蒙医在实践中不断摸索出有毒蒙药的多种减毒方法，如采用配伍、炮制等减毒手段进行处理，以达到降低毒性、提高疗效的作用。通过对3种代表性有毒蒙药斑蝥Mylabris、草乌Aconiti Kusnezoffii Radix、瑞香狼毒Stellerae Chamaejasmes Radix的抗肿瘤作用、毒性机制及减毒策略进行综述，为其临床用药及新药开发提供依据。

With the development of society and the improvement of living standards, malignant tumors have become one of the major diseases affecting human health. Toxic Mongolian medicine plays an important role in treating diseases, especially the difficult miscellaneous diseases. Various toxic Mongolian medicines have certain anti-tumor effects and good therapeutic effects, but their clinical application is greatly limited due to their inherent toxicity. Various methods have been explored to reduce toxicity of Mongolian medicines in practice, such as compatibility, processing, and other methods for optimizing and improving their efficacy. This article reviewed the anti-tumor effects, toxicity mechanisms and detoxification strategies of three representative toxic Mongolian medicines, namely Banmao (Mylabris), Caowu (Aconiti Kusnezoffii Radix), and Ruixianglangdu (Stellerae Chamaejasmes Radix), in order to provide a basis for their clinical use and new drug development.

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国家自然科学基金资助项目（81873194）；国家自然科学基金资助项目（82004093）；国家中医药管理局青年岐黄学者支持项目