目的 研究不同栽培模式下,铁皮石斛Dendrobium officinale可培养内生真菌的菌群结构、多样性差异及分布规律。方法 采用形态学和分子生物学技术,对3种栽培模式(石壁附生、断木附生、大棚种植)铁皮石斛内生真菌进行分离、纯化与鉴定,分析其菌群结构与分布规律。结果 共分离得到内生真菌2023株,划分为152个形态型,经分子鉴定后确定为29个分类单元,归属到真菌界2个门3个纲11个目15个科18个属;不同栽培模式铁皮石斛内生真菌菌群结构和多样性存在差异,其中刺盘孢属Colletotrichum、拟盘多毛孢属Pestalotiopsis、耙齿菌属Irpex、隔孢伏革菌属Peniophora为3种栽培模式共有属;石壁附生铁皮石斛内生真菌多样性最高,断木附生次之,大棚种植最低。茎鲜质量、生物量与叶点霉属Phyllosticta sp.、刺盘孢属Colletotrichum sp.、镰刀菌属Fusarium sp.、隔孢伏革菌属Peniophora sp.之间存在显著正相关,与Hypoxylon sp.之间存在显著负相关。结论 丰富了铁皮石斛内生真菌资源,为内生真菌次生代谢产物及其活性研究提供了菌种资源,也为铁皮石斛高产栽培提供了参考依据。

Objective To analyze community, diversity, and distribution of culturable endophytic fungi in Dendrobium officinale from different habitats. Methods Using morphological and molecular biology techniques, endophytic fungi in D. officinale from three habitats (rock, cedarwood, greenhouse) were isolated, purified and identified, and its fungal community and distribution were analyzed. ResultsA total of 2023 strains of endophytic fungi were isolated, dividing into 152 morphological types, which were identified to 29 taxonomic units, belonging to 2 phyla, 3 classes, 11 orders, 15 families, and 18 genera. There were differences in the community and diversity of endophytic fungi in D. officinale from different habitats. The genera Colletotrichum sp., Pestalotiopsis sp., Irpex sp., and Peniophora sp. were the common genera in D. officinale from these habitats. D. officinale in rock presented the highest fungal diversity, followed by cedarwood, and the lowest fungal diversity in greenhouses. Stem fresh weight and biomass were significant positively correlated with the relative frequency of Phyllosticta sp., Colletotrichum sp., Fusarium sp., and Peniophora sp., while significant negatively correlated with Hypoxylon sp. Conclusion This work enriches the endophytic fungal resources of D. officinale, provides the potential strains for secondary metabolites and activities analysis, and provides a reference for the high-yield cultivation of D. officinale.

R286.2

国家自然科学基金资助项目（82003896）；浙江省自然科学基金资助项目（LQ21H280003）