阿尔茨海默病（Alzheimer’s disease，AD）是一种进行性神经退行性疾病，研究表明神经炎症与AD的发生和发展有着密切的联系。天然来源的活性成分和提取物具有多靶点、多途径、高效低毒、疗效持久等优点，在AD防治方面表现出巨大的潜力。通过对近5年天然产物及提取物在AD防治中的抗炎作用机制包括调控小胶质细胞活化、抑制核因子-κB（nuclear factor-κB，NF-κB）通路、抑制丝裂原活化蛋白激酶（mitogen activated protein kinases，MAPK）通路、抑制活性氧通路等进行综述，为天然产物及提取物对AD的临床防治及新药开发提供科学理论参考。

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease. Studies showed that neuroinflammation is closely related to the occurrence and development of AD. The active ingredients and extracts from natural sources have the advantages of multi-target, multi-channel, high efficiency, low toxicity and long-lasting efficacy, and show great potential in the prevention and treatment of AD. In this paper, the anti-inflammatory mechanisms of natural products and extracts in the prevention and treatment of AD were reviewed in the past five years, including regulation of microglia activation, inhibition of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) pathway, inhibition of mitogen activated protein kinases (MAPK) pathway, inhibition of reactive oxygen species pathway, etc. It provides a scientific theoretical reference for the clinical prevention and treatment of AD and the development of new drugs.

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江西省重点研发计划资助项目（20212BBG73041）；江西省自然科学基金资助项目（20202BAB206080）；江西省教育厅科研资助项目（GJJ201538）；赣州市科技创新人才资助项目（202101094465）