目的 研究掌叶大黄Rheum palmatum蒽醌合成关键基因。方法 利用RNA-seq技术对掌叶大黄根、根茎、叶进行转录组测序和生物信息学分析。结果 经Trinity软件组装后获得140 224条Unigenes，全部Unigenes能被非冗余蛋白库、核酸序列数据库、京都基因组百科全书数据库、蛋白质序列数据库、蛋白家族数据库、基因本体联合数据库、同源蛋白簇数据库等公共数据库注释。差异基因分析结果显示，掌叶大黄的根与叶相比，差异表达基因总数为4175个，根与根茎相比，差异表达基因总数为992个，叶与根茎相比，差异表达基因总数为4469个。差异表达基因代谢途径分析分析发现，苯丙烷生物合成通路在叶比根中被显著富集。蒽醌类化合物合成相关关键差异表达基因分析发现，关键差异表达基因主要涉及甲羟戊酸（mevalonic acid，MVA）途径、甲基赤藓糖醇（methylerythritol 4-phosphate，MEP）、莽草酸及聚酮途径的13个基因。结论 为进一步挖掘大黄有效成分生物合成过程中的关键基因，为解析调控其有效成分生物合成途径提供研究基础。

Objective To identify genes involved in anthraquinones biosynthesis in Rheum palmatum. Methods RNA-seq was used to investigate the gene expression profiles of leaves, rhizome, and root from R. palmatum. Results A total of 140 224 unigenes were obtained through the Trinity assembling. Functional annotation revealed that all unigenes were successfully annotated in the NR, NT, Swiss-port, PFAM, and KOG databases. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) analysis suggested that 4 175 992 and 4469 genes were differentially expressed in root/leaf, root/rhizome and leaf/ rhizome, respectively. KEGG analysis showed that the Phen propane biosynthesis pathway was significantly enriched in leaf/root. The analysis of key differentially expressed genes related to anthraquinone synthesis revealed 13 genes mainly involved in the mevalonic acid (MVA) pathway, methylerythritol 4-phosphate (MEP), mangiferous acid and polyketide pathways. Conclusions The key genes are further explored in the biosynthesis of the active ingredients of rhubarb in order to provide a research basis for the analysis of the pathways regulating the biosynthesis of its active ingredients.

R286.12

国家自然科学基金资助项目（82104334）；国家自然科学基金资助项目（82204567）；国家自然科学基金资助项目（8220142901）；陕西中医药大学“秦药”品质评价与资源开发创新团队项目（2019-QN01）；咸阳市中青年科技创新领军人才（L2022CXNLRC009）