目的 考察摘除花蕾对林下参Panax ginseng叶片、叶柄、茎顶端、茎中部、茎基部、芦头、根皮、根心、侧根及须根主要人参皂苷和植物激素水杨酸、脱落酸含量的影响，研究人参皂苷含量变化与植物激素的相关性，为林下参的种植方式优化提供依据。方法 基于UPLC-MS/MS技术分别建立含量测定方法，对林下参10个部位主要人参皂苷和植物激素进行测定，运用单因素分析评价林下参摘蕾与否的质量差异，并采用Spearman相关性分析方法探讨植物激素与人参皂苷含量的相关性。结果 所建立的含量测定方法稳定可行；摘蕾组林下参地下部位中参皮（P＜0.05）和侧根部位（P＜0.001）中人参总皂苷含量显著增加，地上部位包括林下参叶、叶柄与茎总人参皂苷含量均显著降低（P＜0.001）；摘蕾组人参皂苷Rd在芦头（P＜0.05）、根皮（P＜0.01）中的含量显著上升。摘蕾组参皮和参心中水杨酸含量显著降低（P＜0.001）。水杨酸与人参皂苷Rb₁、人参皂苷Rg₁含量呈正相关，与人参皂苷Rg₃、人参皂苷F₁含量呈负相关。结论 摘除花蕾可显著提高林下参除须根外地下部位主要人参皂苷总含量，并使地上部位人参皂苷含量降低，提高林下参综合经济价值。摘除花蕾可引起内源性水杨酸含量变化，且该变化人参皂苷含量与人参皂苷含量变化有相关性。

Objective To provide basis for the optimization of planting mode of P. ginseng, and investigate the effects of buds removal on the contents of main ginsenosides and plant hormones like salicylic acid and abscisic acid in various parts of similar wild ginseng, including aerial part: leaf, petiole, stem tip, middle part stem base, and underground part: rhizome, root bark, root heart, lateral root and fibrous root. Moreover, the further study focus on the correlation of content between ginsenosides and plant hormones. Methods The major ginsenosides and plant hormones of P. ginseng in 10 parts were accurately quantified using UPLC-MS/MS technology. The quality of P. ginseng affected by buds removal was evaluated using one-way ANOVA, and the correlation between the content of plant hormones and ginsenosides was investigated using Spearman correlation analysis. Results The methodologies that had been established were reliable and practical. Total ginsenosides in root bark (P ＜ 0.05) and lateral root (P ＜ 0.001) of similar wild ginseng in the buds removed group were significantly increased, whereas total ginsenosides in aboveground parts of similar wild ginseng, including leaves, petioles, and stems, were significantly decreased (P ＜ 0.001). The contents of ginsenoside Rd in rhizome(P ＜0.05) and root bark (P ＜ 0.01) in buds removed group were significantly increased. The contents of salicylic acid in the root bark and root heart of ginseng in buds removed group were significantly decreased (P ＜ 0.001). Salicylic acid was positively correlated with ginsenoside Rb₁ and Rg₁, and negatively correlated with ginsenoside Rg₃ and F₁ contents. Conclusion Removal of buds significantly increased the content of total ginsenosides in the underground parts of P. ginseng except fibrous roots, but decreased in the above-ground part, leading to an increase in the comprehensive value of forest cultivated ginseng. Furthermore, buds removal can cause changes in salicylic acid content, which was correlated to the change of ginsenoside contents.

R286.2

2022年广东省科技创新战略专项资金（“攀登计划”专项资金）（pdjh2022a0260）；2021年汕头市精细化工企业引进科技领军人才团队及进口替代攻关专项资金项目（STLT2021007）；广东省中医药局科研项目（20212125）；2021年度广东省科技创新战略专项资金（“攀登计划”）（pdjh2021b0262）