中药在保障人民健康、预防疾病等方面发挥重要作用，然而其在种植、加工、运输、储藏等过程中可能会遭受外源性有害物的污染并且在其中残留，对机体产生潜在的危害。风险评估作为科学控制有害物残留风险的有效手段，已逐渐应用于食品、环境等领域中化合物的安全性评价，因此对中药中外源性有害物进行风险评估研究具有重要意义。以中药中外源性有害物的风险评估为中心进行综述，重点关注中药中的农药残留、重金属及有害元素、真菌毒素、植物生长调节剂、二氧化硫等外源性有害物的残留现状、检测手段以及风险评估方法的研究进展，以期为中药的质量控制和安全性评价提供参考。

Traditional Chinese medicine is a unique medicine of China, which plays an important role in protecting people’s health and preventing disease. In the process of planting, processing, transportation and storage, exogenous hazardous substances may contaminate traditional Chinese medicine and remain, which causes potential harm to the body. Risk assessment, as a means to scientifically control the residual risk of hazardous substances, has been gradually used in the safety assessment of compounds in food, environment and other fields. Therefore, it is of great significance to study the risk assessment of exogenous hazardous substances in traditional Chinese medicine. This paper focused on the risk assessment of exogenous hazardous substances in traditional Chinese medicine, and summarized the present situation, detection methods and risk assessment methods of pesticide residues, heavy metals and harmful elements, mycotoxins, plant growth regulators, sulfur dioxide and other exogenous hazardous substances, in order to provide a reference for the quality control and the safety evaluation of traditional Chinese medicine.

R286

国家自然科学基金项目(82004093)；国家自然科学基金项目(81873194)；国家中医药管理局青年歧黄学者支持项目