冠状病毒(coronaviruses，CoVs)是迄今发现的最大的正链RNA病毒，具有高变异性和高传染性。现已有7种可感染人类的冠状病毒，其中2003年严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒(severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus，SARS-CoV)、2012年中东呼吸综合征冠状病毒(middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus，MERS-CoV)和2019年新型冠状病毒(SARS冠状病毒2，severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2，SARS-CoV-2)均导致全球疫情，对全球公共卫生安全构成严重威胁。针对CoVs的感染研究从未间断，目前的治疗手段主要以改善症状为主。中药在预防和治疗各种疾病方面具有悠久的历史与丰富的经验。在抗CoVs方面，中药因其多组分、多靶点的特点，抗病毒作用显著且不良反应少而备受关注。中药提取物或其化合物可通过直接或间接抑制CoVs的侵入、复制、装配或调节免疫、抑制炎症等途径发挥抗CoVs作用。系统地对中药在抗CoVs及缓解病毒引发的相关症状方面的机制及临床应用进行综述，以期为抗CoVs药物的研发提供理论参考。

Coronaviruses (CoVs) are the largest positive-strand RNA viruses discovered, with high variability and high infectivity. There are seven kinds of CoVs that can infect humans so far. Among them, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) in 2003, middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) in 2012 and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in 2019 have caused global outbreaks, posing a serious threat to global public health security. Research on CoVs infection has never stopped, and the current treatment methods mainly focus on improving symptoms. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has a long history and rich experience in preventing and treating various diseases. In terms of anti-CoVs, TCM has attracted much attention because of its multi-CoVs and multi-targets, significant antiviral effect and few side effect. TCM extracts or their compounds can exert anti-CoVs effects by directly or indirectly inhibiting the invasion, replication, assembly of CoVs, regulating immunity and inhibiting inflammation. This article systematically reviews the mechanism and clinical application of TCM in anti-CoVs and alleviating virus-induced symptoms, in order to provide theoretical reference for the research and development of anti-coronavirus drugs.

国家自然科学基金项目(31870801)