大黄为廖科植物药用大黄Rheum officinale、掌叶大黄R. palmatu或唐古特大黄R. tanguticum的干燥根和根茎，具有泻下攻积、清热泻火、凉血解毒、逐瘀通经、利湿退黄等功效，是我国用药历史悠久的大宗中药材。现代药理学研究表明大黄药材、提取物和单体化合物具有优良的抗炎活性，可调节炎症小体的激活，其主要通过调控氧化应激、细胞凋亡、免疫应答等细胞过程，以及调控炎症相关蛋白和相关炎症通路等多种途径对心血管、胃肠道和中枢神经系统相关疾病表现出显著的药理活性，特别是具有较好的抗神经炎症效果。总结了大黄提取物和蒽醌类、鞣质类、二苯乙烯类成分在炎症相关疾病中的药理活性及作用机制的研究进展，并对其发展趋势进行了展望，为大黄的临床应用、进一步开发利用和新药研发提供理论支持。

Dahuang (Rhei Radix et Rhizoma) is the dried root and rhizome of Rheum officinale, R. palmatum or R. tanguticum. It has the functions of cooling blood and detoxification, removing blood stasis and clearing the meridians, and reducing dampness and yellowing. Modern pharmacological studies have shown that Rhei Radix et Rhizoma and its extracts or isolated compounds have excellent anti-inflammatory activities and can regulate the activation of inflammasomes, mainly by regulating cellular processes such as oxidative stress, apoptosis, and immune response, and also can regulate inflammation-related proteins and pathways. Rhei Radix et Rhizoma have shown significant pharmacological activities in cardiovascular, gastrointestinal system and central nervous system diseases, especially have good anti-neuroinflammatory effects. Research progress on anti-inflammatory activities and mechanism of Rhei Radix et Rhizoma extracts, anthraquinones, tannins, and stilbenes in inflammatory related diseases were reviewed in this paper, and its development trend was prospected, in order to provide theoretical support for clinical application, further development and utilization of Rhei Radix et Rhizoma and research and development of new drugs.

国家重点研发计划项目(2021YFE0103700)；国家自然科学基金资助项目(U21A20407)；内蒙古自治区科技成果转化项目(院区科技合作项目)