误食毒蘑菇导致的中毒事件是食物中毒中引起死亡的主要原因，我国农村山区误食毒蘑菇中毒的事件时有发生。这些毒蘑菇中主要的毒素包括鹅膏毒肽类、鬼笔毒肽类、毒伞素类、丝膜菌毒素、毒蝇碱、鹿花菌素、鹅膏蕈氨酸、蝇蕈醇、毒蝇蕈腙、裸盖菌素类、鬼伞菌素、邻苯二甲酸二丁酯等，不同的毒素作用于机体的机制不尽相同。根据中毒的症状大体可分为肝脏损害型、肾脏损害型、神经精神型、光过敏性皮炎型、胃肠类型、溶血型和横纹肌溶解型7种类型。主要对蘑菇毒素毒性作用机制的研究进展进行综述，为深入了解毒蘑菇、蘑菇毒素及其蘑菇中毒机制提供参考依据。

The poisoning caused by poisonous mushroom is the leading cause of death in the food poisoning. In China’s rural mountainous, poisoning events caused by poisonous mushroom were occurred occasionally. Main toxins in these poisonous mushrooms are amatoxins, phalloidins, virotoxins, orellanine, muscarine, gyromitrin, ibotenic acid, muscimol, muscarine, psilocybin, coprine, dibutyl phthalate, etc. Different toxins act on the body in different ways. According to the symptoms of poisoning, it can be divided into seven types, including liver damage type, renal damage type, neuropsychiatric type, photoallergic dermatitis type, gastrointestinal type, hemolysis type, and rhabdomyolysis type. In this paper, research progress on toxicity mechanism of mushroom toxins were reviewed, in order to provide reference for further study of poisonous mushroom, mushroom toxins and mechanism of mushroom poisoning.

R282.32

国家自然科学基金资助项目(31200048);烟台市重点研发计划项目(2019XDHZ092);烟台市校地融合发展项目(2021XDRHXMPT09);鲁东大学科研启动基金资助项目(ZR2021013)