目的 采用主观评价层次分析法（analytic hierarchy process，AHP）-熵权法优选黑顺片炮制工艺，探究炮制过程中生物碱类成分动态变化规律。方法 采用外观性状、水溶性浸出物、苯甲酰新乌头原碱含量、苯甲酰乌头原碱含量、苯甲酰次乌头原碱含量、双酯型生物碱总量作为评价指标，基于单因素考察结果，以煮制时间、水漂次数、蒸制时间、干燥温度为主要因素建立正交实验，通过AHP-熵权法优选黑顺片最佳炮制工艺参数。采用HPLC法对各炮制环节的附子进行含量测定，分析比较6种酯型生物碱的含量变化。结果 在质量分数20%以上的胆巴溶液中浸泡能达到防腐的目的，且浸泡20d以上附子的质量相对稳定。黑顺片炮制的最佳工艺条件为煮制时间8min，水漂次数4次，蒸制时间3h，干燥温度60℃；炮制过程中双酯型生物碱总量逐渐降低，泡胆和漂洗过程单酯型生物碱含量降低，煮制和蒸制过程单酯型生物碱含量升高。结论 实验优化所得的黑顺片炮制工艺合理、稳定、可行，炮制过程中各环节对酯型生物碱类成分均有不同程度的影响，可为进一步探讨黑顺片的现代炮制方法提供参考。

Objective The subjective evaluation analytical hierarchy process (AHP) and entropy weight method were used to optimize the concoction process of Heishunpian and investigate the dynamic changes of alkaloid components during the concoction process. Methods Appearance properties, water-soluble extracts, content of benzoylmesaconine, content of benzoyl aconitine, content of benzoylhypacoitine, and total amount of diester diterpenoid alkaloids were used as evaluation indicators. Based on the results of single factor investigation, an orthogonal experiment was established with cooking time, water bleaching times, steaming time and drying temperature as the main factors. The content of aconite in each processing link was determined by HPLC, and the content changes of six ester alkaloids were analyzed and compared. Results The soaking in brine solution with a concentration of more than 20% can achieve the purpose of antisepsis, and the quality of aconite soaked for more than 20 days was relatively stable. The optimum process conditions for processing Heishunpian were as follows: cooking time 8 min, water bleaching times 4 times, steaming time 3 h, and drying temperature 60 ℃; During the processing, the total amount of diester alkaloids gradually decreased, the content of monoester alkaloids decreased during soaking and rinsing, and the content of monoester alkaloids increased during cooking and steaming. Conclusion The processing technology of Heishunpian obtained by the experimental optimization is reasonable, stable and feasible. Each link in the processing process has different degrees of effect on the components of ester alkaloids, which can provide a reference for further discussion of modern processing methods of Heishunpian.

R283.1

国家重点研发计划"中药饮片质量识别关键技术研究"项目资助(2018YFC1707000);2021年度康缘中药学院创新训练项目"黑顺片炮制工艺及质量标准研究"(kyxysc18)