龙眼Dimocarpus longan为药食同源中药，具有补益心脾、养血安神的功效，其富含的多糖是主要活性成分之一。通过查阅国内外文献，总结龙眼多糖及其衍生物的化学结构，发现龙眼多糖具有免疫调节、抗炎、抗氧化、抗疲劳、抗肿瘤、减轻局灶性脑缺血/再灌注损伤等多种药理活性，且龙眼多糖的化学结构与药理活性关系密切，多糖相对分子质量愈大其免疫活性愈强，化学修饰乙酰化、羧甲基化、硫酸化、磷酸酯化、碱解离可增强其药理活性，而甲基化则可降低龙眼多糖药理活性。综述龙眼多糖的化学结构、构效关系与药理活性研究进展，以期为龙眼深层次开发和利用提供理论依据。

Longyan (Dimocarpus longan Lour.), a traditional Chinese medicine with the “one root of medicine and food”, has the effect of tonifying the heart and spleen, nourishing blood and tranquilizing mind. Its rich polysaccharide is one of the main active ingredients. This paper summarize the chemical structures of D. longan polysaccharides and their derivatives by reviewing domestic and foreign literatures. The polysaccharides from D. longan have various pharmacological activities such as immune regulation, anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, antifatigue, antitumor and alleviating focal cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury, and the chemical structure of D. longan polysaccharide is closely related to pharmacological activity. For example, the larger the molecular mass of the polysaccharide is, the stronger its immune activity is. Chemical modification acetylation, carboxymethylation, sulfation, phosphoric acid esterification and alkali dissociation can enhance its pharmacological activity, while methylation could reduce it. This paper summarizes the chemical structure, structure-activity relationship and pharmacological effects of D. longan polysaccharides, in order to provide a theoretical basis for the in-depth development and utilization of D. longan.

R284;R285

国家药品监督管理局中药材质量监测与评价重点实验室开放课题基金(KFKT2022-5);广西科技重大专项:五种“桂十味”药材高质量生产关键技术及系列健康产品开发研究(桂科AA22096029);广西科技重大专项:中国(广西)-东盟药物创新中心建设及新药开发(桂科AA19254033)