恶性肿瘤的有效治疗一直是现代医学面临的难点问题。中医药在恶性肿瘤治疗方面的研究已经积累了较为丰厚的经验，不同中药的抗肿瘤机制也不尽相同。中医认为肿瘤即为“邪”，中医药抗肿瘤的主要思路就是“补气扶正”，黄芪被称为“补气诸药之最”，是肿瘤方剂中的常用药材。现代研究也证实了黄芪具有较强的抗肿瘤作用，其抗肿瘤有效成分主要有多糖、黄酮及皂苷类等成分。除此之外，黄芪与化疗药物联合应用可以起到增效减毒、增敏和逆转多药耐药等作用。黄芪通过调节免疫功能、影响细胞周期、促进细胞凋亡与新血管生成、抑制炎症反应和逆转多药耐药性等多种途径发挥抗肿瘤作用。黄芪多糖、芒柄花素、毛蕊异黄酮和黄芪甲苷IV等主要成分有着极大的研究与开发价值。总结近年来黄芪在抗肿瘤方面的相关研究成果，综述了黄芪活性成分的抗肿瘤作用和分子机制，为促进黄芪资源及其活性成分的开发利用提供依据，并为抗肿瘤新药研发提供参考。

The effective treatment of malignant tumor has always been a dilemma faced by modern medicine. The research of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has accumulated rich experience in the treatment of malignant tumors, and the antitumor mechanisms of different TCM are not the same. Chinese medicine believes that tumor is “evil”. The main idea of TCM for antitumor is “tonifying qi and strengthening the body resistance”. Huangqi (Astragali Radix), a TCM, is known as “the most important medicine for tonifying qi”. It is a commonly used Chinese traditional medicinal material in tumor prescriptions. Clinical experience has proved that Astragali Radix has strong antitumor effect, of which antitumor effective components mainly include polysaccharides, flavonoids and saponins. In addition, the combined application of astragalus and chemotherapy drugs can increase the efficacy, reduce the toxicity, increase the sensitivity and reverse the multidrug resistance. Astragali Radix plays an antitumor role by regulating immune function, affecting cell cycle, promoting apoptosis and neovascularization, inhibiting inflammation response and reversing multi-drug resistance. Astragali Radix polysaccharide, formononetin, calycosin, astragaloside IV and other major components have great research and development value. This paper summarizes the relevant research results of Astragali Radix in antitumor in recent years, including the antitumor effect and molecular mechanism of the active components in Astragali Radix, which provides a basis for promoting the development and utilization of Astragali Radix resources and their active components, and provides a reference for the research and development of new antitumor drugs.

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国家自然科学基金面上项目(821713927);中央支持地方高校改革发展资金人才培养高水平项目(ZYRCB2021008);黑龙江中医药大学中药健康相关产品研发及产业化专项(2019BJP06);黑龙江省中医药经典普及化研究专项课题:黑龙江黄芪道地性研究(ZYW2022-071)