目的 分析自然晾晒干燥（natural drying，ND）、热风干燥（hot air drying，HAD）、真空干燥（vacuum drying，VD）、微波真空干燥（microwave vacuum drying，MVD）、真空远红外干燥（vacuum far infrared drying，VFIRD）和超声-真空远红外干燥（ultrasonic vacuum far-infrared drying，US-VFIRD）6种干燥方式对当归干制品干燥特性、理化品质及微观结构的影响，探究当归的最佳干燥方式。方法 选取干燥时间、色差、复水比、收缩率等物理特性和绿原酸、阿魏酸、洋川芎内酯H、洋川芎内酯I、丁烯基苯酞、藁本内酯、多糖、总酚、总黄酮等化学成分含量作为评价指标，使用熵权-变异系数法计算耦合权重系数和综合评分，并利用加权逼近理想解排序法（weighted approximation ideal solution ranking method，TOPSIS）验证评价模型。结果 MVD干燥时间最短（110min）且干制品色差最低（△E＝8.12±3.97）；US-VFIRD能更好地保存样品中藁本内酯、绿原酸、阿魏酸等天然活性成分和多糖、总酚、总黄酮等基本营养成分的含量，并对样品内部组织结构有明显的改善作用，其干制品品质最佳（熵权-变异系数综合评分为77.94，TOPSIS相对贴近度Φ为0.8383），其次是MVD。结论 采用US-VFIRD干燥方式明显优于其他5种干燥方式，为超声波技术用于当归干燥提供理论支持。

Objective To study the effects of natural drying (ND), hot air drying (HAD), vacuum drying (VD), microwave vacuum drying (MVD), vacuum far infrared drying (VFIRD) and ultrasonic vacuum far-infrared drying (US-VFIRD) on the drying characteristics, physicochemical quality and microstructure of dried Danggui (Angelica sinensis) and explore the best drying process of samples.Methods The physical properties such as drying time, color difference, rehydration ratio, shrinkage rate and chemical components such as chlorogenic acid, ferulic acid, senkyunolide H, senkyunolide I, 3-butylidenephthalide, ligustilide, polysaccharide, total phenols and total flavonoids content were selected as evaluation indexes, coupling weights and comprehensive scores were calculated using the entropy weight-variable coefficient method, and the evaluation model was validated using the weighted approximation ideal solution ranking method (TOPSIS).Results MVD had the shortest drying time (110 min) and the lowest color difference in the dried products (△E = 8.12 ±3.97); US-VFIRD could better preserve the active ingredients such as ligustilide, chlorogenic acid, ferulic acid and other nutrients in the samples and improve the internal tissue structure of the samples, and its dried products had the best quality (entropy weight- variable coefficient comprehensive score A_ω = 77.94, TOPSIS relative closeness Φ = 0.838 3), followed by MVD.Conclusion The test showed that the US-VFIRD drying method was significantly better than the other five drying methods, which provided theoretical support of ultrasonic technology applying in drying A. sinensis.

R283.6

甘肃省重点研发计划(17YF1NH051);甘肃农业大学青年导师基金资助项目(GSAU-QDFC-2020-14)