随着纳米技术的兴起,自组装成为了近年受到广泛关注的热点之一。自组装是分子间通过非共价键形成纳米管、纳米纤维、胶束和囊泡等纳米结构的过程。越来越多的研究表明,中药材从采收、炮制、煎煮、制剂到进入体内等过程中,普遍有纳米形态产物存在。究其原因,主要是中药活性成分如糖类、蛋白质、黄酮、萜类、生物碱、有机酸、金属离子等具有自组装特性,能基于相互作用力与不同成分缔合,提高难溶性药物溶解度,增强药理活性,减少不良反应。中药自组装纳米颗粒的发现,对改善中药体内稳定性差、生物利用度低、半衰期短等问题具有重要意义。总结并分析了近年来中药自组装行为及应用的研究结果,特别是存在于采收到体内各个过程的自组装现象,以期为实现药物精准递送、丰富中药剂型、阐明中药药效学物质基础提供参考,为中药现代化研究的深入应用拓展思路。

With the rise of nanotechnology, self-assembly has become one of the hotspots that has received extensive attention in recent years. Self-assembly is the process of forming nanostructures such as nanotubes, nanofibers, micelles, and vesicles through non-covalent bonds between molecules. More and more studies have shown that Chinese medicinal materials generally have nano-form products in the process of harvesting, processing, decoction, preparation and entering the body. The main reason is that the active ingredients of traditional Chinese medicine such as carbohydrates, proteins, flavonoids, terpenes, alkaloids, organic acids, metal ions, etc. have self-assembly properties, which can associate with different components based on the interaction force to improve the solubility of insoluble drugs, enhance pharmacological activity and reduce adverse reactions. The discovery of self-assembled nanoparticles in traditional Chinese medicine is of great significance to improve the problems of poor in vivo stability, low bioavailability and short half-life of traditional Chinese medicine. This paper summarizes and analyzes the research results on the self-assembly behavior and application of traditional Chinese medicine in recent years, especially the self-assembly phenomenon that exists in various processes from harvesting to the body, in order to achieve precise drug delivery, enrich traditional Chinese medicine formulations, clarify the material basis of traditional Chinese medicine pharmacodynamics and provide reference and expand ideas for the in-depth application of traditional Chinese medicine modernization research.

R286

国家自然科学基金资助项目（81903933）