中药挥发油是通过经典或创新提取方式从芳香中药材中获得的油性芳香液体，具有多种生物活性，广泛应用于不同疾病的防治。但挥发油理化性质不稳定，在光照、氧气、温度、金属杂质等诸多因素影响下，活性成分易通过氧化、分解、异构化、光环加成等反应途径发生转变，其含量与组成的变化导致挥发油品质下降、临床风险增加。如何通过环境控制与制剂技术保护挥发油活性成分，以维持挥发油理化性质稳定是一关键问题。因此，在综述中药挥发油特点及主要化学成分组成的基础上，深入分析影响中药挥发油稳定性的诸多因素，阐明中药挥发油活性成分变化的途径及机制，进一步总结中药挥发油稳定性的保护策略，为挥发油的制药大生产质量控制及临床安全使用提供参考。

Volatile oil from traditional Chinese medicine is oily aromatic liquid obtained from aromatic Chinese medicinal materials by classical or innovative extraction methods. They have diverse biological activities and are widely used in the prevention and treatment of various diseases. However, the physical and chemical properties of volatile oil are unstable. Under the influence of light, oxygen, temperature, metal impurities and other factors, the active ingredients are easily transformed through reaction pathways such as oxidation, decomposition, isomerization, and photocycloaddition, and changes in their content and composition lead to decreased volatile oil quality and increased clinical risks. How to protect the active ingredients of volatile oil through environmental control and formulation technology to maintain the stability of the physical and chemical properties of volatile oil is a key issue. Therefore, on the basis of reviewing the characteristics and main chemical components of volatile oil, many factors affecting the stability of volatile oil were deeply analyzed in this paper, and the ways and principles of changes in active components of volatile oil were clarified, and the relevant protection strategies for stabilization of volatile oil were further summarized, in order to provide reference for quality control of volatile oil in large-scale pharmaceutical production and clinical safe use.

R284.14

国家自然科学基金资助项目（82060720）；国家自然科学基金资助项目（82074026）；江西省重大科技研发专项（20194ABC28009）；省级大学生创新创业计划项目（S202110412005）；省级大学生创新创业计划项目（S202210412062）；省级大学生创新创业计划项目（S202210412073）；江西省卫生健康委科技计划项目（202210757）；江西省中医药科研计划项目（2018A318）