目的 研究黄精Polygonati Rhizoma居群遗传多样性，为黄精药材资源保护和新品种培育提供依据。方法 以4个居群22个种源47份黄精种质资源为材料，选用14条ISSR和11对SRAP分子标记进行多态性检测、遗传多样性比较和聚类分析，揭示黄精种质的遗传多样性及地理分布特征。结果 ISSR引物和SRAP引物分别扩增出186和142条清晰带数，其中多态性条带数分别为185和140，多态性比率（percentage of polymorphic bands，PPB）分别为99.46%和98.59%；遗传多样性分析显示，ISSR和SRAP标记下基因分化系数（G_st）分别为0.279 9和0.231 6，即黄精遗传变异主要发生在种群内，居群间基因流（N_m）分别为1.286 4和1.659 3，遗传相似系数在0.053 3~0.948 1和0.032 8~0.967 7。聚类结果显示，相同黄精药材基原种质聚在一起，ISSR和SRAP标记分别将黄精居群分为5和3大类群，且以ISSR标记的聚类结果更符合实际地域分布。结论 黄精种质遗传多样性丰富，ISSR和SRAP标记可适用于黄精亲缘性鉴定，研究结果可为黄精资源的保护和育种提供一定参考。

Objective To analysis the genetic diversity of Huangjing (Polygonati Rhizoma), and to provide the evidences for resource protection and new variety breeding of Polygonati Rhizoma. Methods Taking 47 germplasm resources from 22 provenances of four community as materials, 14 ISSR and 11 SRAP markers were used for polymorphism detection, genetic diversity comparison and cluster analysis, to reveal the genetic diversity and geographical distribution characteristics of germplasm. Results A total of 186 and 142 clear bands were amplified by ISSR and SRAP primers, and the number of polymorphic bands was 185 and 140, respectively; The percentage of polymorphic bands (PPB) was 99.46% and 98.59%, respectively. The genetic diversity analysis showed that the coefficient of gene differentiation (G_st) of ISSR and SRAP markers were 0.279 9 and 0.231 6, respectively, indicating that the genetic variation was mainly within the population, and the interpopulation gene flow (N_m) value was 1.286 4 and 1.659 3, respectively. The genetic similarity coefficients ranged from 0.053 3 to 0.948 1 and 0.032 8 to 0.967 7. The clustering results showed that the populations were divided into five and three groups by ISSR and SRAP markers, respectively, and the clustering results of ISSR markers were more consistent with the actual regional distribution. Conclusion The germplasm of Polygonati Rhizoma is rich in genetic diversity, ISSR and SRAP markers can be used to identify the phylogeny of Polygonati Rhizoma. The results can provide some reference for the conservation and breeding of Polygonati Rhizoma.

R286.12

浙江省中药资源保护与创新利用重点实验室项目（2021E10013）；温州市农业新品种选育协作组项目（2019ZX003-1）