目的 通过分析天麻Gastrodia elata块茎不同部位中多种指标成分的差异，为天麻药材不同部位的质量评价及合理应用提供依据。方法 运用HPLC法同时测定12批天麻药材中不同部位（箭芽端、中端、肚脐端）的天麻素、对羟基苯甲醇、巴利森苷E、巴利森苷B、巴利森苷C和巴利森苷A 6种指标成分的含量；应用SPSS软件对天麻药材不同部位各12批数据进行统计学分析，以综合分析天麻块茎不同部位的质量特征。结果 天麻箭芽端中6种指标成分含量均最高；6种成分总含量在天麻3个部位中的分布规律为箭芽端＞中端＞肚脐端，分别达到2.727%、1.258%、1.129%，而其中的巴利森苷类成分总量的分布规律与6种成分总量一致，其质量分数分别为2.318%、1.007%、0.862%，占所测成分总量的76%～85%。天麻样品中对羟基苯甲醇在箭芽端、中端和肚脐端的分布均无显著性差异；天麻中的天麻素和巴利森苷类总成分在箭芽端与另外2部分之间的含量差异极显著，而在肚脐端和中端之间的含量差异不显著。综合分析结果表明，天麻箭芽端部位的质量显著优于其他2个部位。结论 天麻块茎不同部位的6种指标成分含量存在差异性，具有明显的质量特征，可为天麻块茎不同部位的合理应用及药材的质量控制提供参考。

Objective To analyze the differences of multiple index components in different parts of tubers of Gastrodia elata, so as to provide a basis for the quality evaluation and rational application of different parts of G, elata. Methods HPLC method was used to simultaneous determine the contents of gastrodin, p-hydroxybenzylalcohol, parishin E, parishin B, parishin C, and parishin A in different parts (the arrow end, middle end and navel end) of 12 batches of G. elata. And SPSS software was used for statistical analysis to comprehensively analyze the quality characteristics of different parts of G. elata tuber. Results The contents of six index components in the arrow end of G. elata were all the highest. The total contents of the six components at the arrow end, middle end, and navel end were 2.727%, 1.258% and 1.129%, respectively, contents of which were decreased successively. Among them, the total contents of parisins in arrow end, middle end and navel end were 2.318%, 1.007% and 0.862%, respectively, which were consistent with the distribution of the total contents of the six index components, which accounting for 76%—85% of the total measured components. There was no significant difference in the distribution of p-hydroxybenzylalcohol in the three parts. The contents of gastrodin and parishin (parishin E, parishin B, parishin C and parishin A) in G. elata were significantly different between the arrow end and the other two parts, with no significantly difference between the navel end and the middle end. The comprehensive analysis results showed that the quality of the shoot tip of G. elata was significantly better than the other two parts. Conclusion There are differences in quality characteristics in different parts of G. elata. This study can provide some reference for the quality evaluation and rational application of different parts of G. elata.

广州市科技计划项目(毕节市天麻健康产品的研究开发及产业化,201903010008);贵州省科研机构创新能力建设专项(黔科合服企[2020]4012)