目的 评价乌梅粉和水煎剂对消化性溃疡的疗效。方法 采用2,4,6-三硝基苯磺酸(2,4,6-trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid,TNBS)诱导的克罗恩病大鼠模型,比较乌梅粉和水煎剂的抗炎活性;分别采用超高效液相色谱-电喷雾电离四级杆飞行时间质谱联用(ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray ionization quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry,UPLC-QTOF-MS^E)法、苯酚-硫酸法、气相色谱-质谱联用法比较乌梅粉和水煎剂的体外胃肠道代谢前及不同时间点孵育液中化学成分、总糖含量及短链脂肪酸(short chain fatty acids,SCFAs)变化,以揭示其可能活性物质。结果 与对照组比较,克罗恩病大鼠体质量显著降低(P<0.01),脾脏肿大(P<0.01),胸腺萎缩(P<0.05),结肠缩短且伴有结肠损伤和溃疡(P<0.01);与模型组比较,乌梅粉和水煎剂均有缓解结肠损伤的作用(P<0.05、0.01)。乌梅粉对结肠髓过氧化物酶(myeloperoxidase,MPO)活性的抑制效果优于乌梅水煎剂(P<0.05),而乌梅水煎剂降低克罗恩病大鼠血清中炎症因子白细胞介素-6(interleukin-6,IL-6)和一氧化氮(nitric oxide,NO)水平优于乌梅粉(P<0.01)。肠道菌孵育液中,与乌梅水煎剂相比,乌梅粉中的化学成分及其代谢产物的含量更高且保留时间更久;与空白菌液相比,0~12 h乌梅粉总糖降解率降低,而乌梅水煎剂总糖降解率增加;同时,乌梅水煎剂增加肠道菌孵育液中SCFAs的含量,而乌梅粉相反。结论 乌梅粉可能对结肠MPO活性的抑制作用更好,而乌梅水煎剂可能更有利于降低机体循环炎症因子IL-6和NO水平,原因在于乌梅粉中有效成分的含量更高;但乌梅粉可能对肠道菌群结构产生一定损伤,导致胃肠道中有抗炎活性的SCFAs含量降低,进而可能导致吸收进入血液循环的SCFAs含量低于乌梅水煎剂。

Objective To evaluate the effect of powder or water decoction of Wumei (Mume Fructus) on peptic ulcer.Methods A rat model of Crohn's disease (CD) induced by 2,4,6-trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid (TNBS) was used to compare the anti-inflammatory activities of powder or water decoction ofMume Fructus.Ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-QTOF-MS^E) method was used to detect the chemical components,phenol-sulfuric acid method was used to detect the total sugar content,and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry method was used to determine the short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) in thein vitro gastrointestinal incubation ofMume Fructus powder and water decoction before incubation and at different incubation times to reveal their possible active components.Results Compared with control group,CD rats had significantly lower body weight (P<0.01),enlarged spleen (P<0.01),atrophied thymus (P<0.05),shortened colon and were associated with colon damage and ulcers (P<0.01).Compared with model group,both powder and water decoction ofMume Fructus had the effect of relieving colon damage (P<0.05,0.01).Mume Fructus powder had a better inhibitory effect on colon myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity of CD rats (P <0.05),whileMume Fructus water decoction could reduce the serum levels of inflammatory factors interleukin-6(IL-6) and nitric oxide (NO) in CD rats (P <0.01).Mume Fructus powder could increase the content of chemical components and their metabolites and extend the retention time in the incubation solution of intestinal bacteria.Mume Fructus powder decreased the degradation rate of total sugar,whileMume Fructus water decoction increased the degradation rate of total sugar comparing with the control intestinal bacterial solution at 0-12 h.Mume Fructus water decoction could increase the content of SCFAs in the incubation solution of intestinal bacteria,whileMume Fructus powder was on the contrary.ConclusionMume Fructus powder might have better anti-CD effect on colon MPO,whileMume Fructus water decoction might be more conducive to reduce the level of circulating inflammatory factors IL-6 and NO.The difference in efficacy might be caused by the higher content of active ingredients inMume Fructus powder,however,Mume Fructus powder may cause certain damage to the intestinal flora structure,resulting in decreased levels of SCFAs with anti-inflammatory activity in gastrointestinal tract and blood circulation.

国家重点研发计划项目(2018YFC1707300)