目的 建立适合于工业化生产的黄芪Astragali Radix提取和超滤纯化工艺方法。方法 采用L₉(3⁴)正交设计及层次分析法,以加水量、提取时间和提取次数为提取考察因素,以操作压力、料液温度和膜面错流速度为超滤纯化考察因素,以毛蕊异黄酮葡萄糖苷、毛蕊异黄酮、黄芪甲苷、黄芪多糖、醇溶性浸出物含量(保留率)以及出膏率(除杂率)为评价指标,优选最佳提取和最佳超滤工艺参数。结果 最佳提取条件为饮片加16倍量水(6.67、4.67、4.67倍),提取3次,总提取时间210 min(70 min/次);最佳超滤工艺为孔径50 nm的无机陶瓷膜,操作压力0.12 MPa,膜面错流速度5.3 m/s和料液温度25℃。通过提取液与超滤液的特征图谱建立与相似度分析可以得出,超滤液与提取液的化学成分一致性较好,且各批次超滤液中的化学成分稳定存在。结论 所建立的黄芪提取和超滤纯化工艺方法科学合理、简便可行、重复性好,有良好的工业化生产前景。

Objective To establish a process method for extraction and ultrafiltration purification of Huangqi (AstragaliRadix) suitable for industrial production.Methods L₉(3⁴) orthogonal design and analytic hierarchy process were adopted,and water addition,extraction time and extraction times were taken as the investigation factors for extraction,and operating pressure,feed-liquid temperature and membrane cross-flow velocity were taken as the investigation factors of ultrafiltration purification.The extract content (retention rate) of calycosin-7-O-β-D-glucoside,calycosin,astragaloside IV,Astragalus polysaccharides,alcohol-soluble extract and paste extraction rate (impurity removal rate) were used as evaluation indicators,and the optimal extraction and ultrafiltration process parameters were selected.Results The optimal extraction process conditions were determined as the decoction pieces plus 16 times the amount of water (6.67,4.67,4.67 times),extraction three times,and the total extraction time was 210 min (70 min/time).Ceramic membrane with aperture of 50 nm,operating pressure 0.12 MPa,membrane cross-flow velocity 5.3 m/s and feed liquid temperature 25℃.And through the establishment of characteristic maps and similarity analysis ofAstragaliRadix extract and ultrafiltrate,it can be concluded that the chemical components ofAstragaliRadix ultrafiltrate and extract were consistent,and the chemical components in each batch of ultrafiltratewere stable.Conclusion The extraction and ultrafiltration purification process ofAstragaliRadix established in this paper is scientific and reasonable,simple and feasible,with good repeatability,and has a good prospect for industrial production.

R283.6

甘肃省高等学校产业支撑引导项目(2019C-02);研究生创新基金项目(2021CX42)