天麻具有悠久的药用和食用历史，具有抗癫痫、抗疲劳、改善学习记忆等多种药理作用。根据化合物的母核结构、官能团种类及连接方式，对天麻中的化学成分进行了系统分类。首先，根据化合物的母核结构，将天麻中的化学成分分为芳香族类、甾体类、有机酸及酯类、糖类及其苷类、氨基酸类和其他类等6大类；再根据官能团及其连接方式，将芳香族类化合物分为单苄基类、parishin类、多芳香取代糖苷类、多苄醚类、聚苄基类、杂原子芳香族类、呋喃芳香族类和其他芳香族类8小类。主要介绍了每类化合物的结构特征和药理作用，以期为深入研究天麻的化学成分、药理作用及其构效关系、新产品开发奠定基础。

Gastrodia elata has a long history of medicinal and edible use with a variety of pharmacological effects such as anti-epilepsy, anti-fatigue, improving learning and memory, etc. Chemical constituents of G. elata were systematically classified according to the functional groups of parent nucleus and connection mode. Firstly, according to the structure of parent nucleus, chemical constituents of G. elata were divided into six categories:aromatics, steroids, organic acids and esters, sugars and glycosides, amino acids and other classes. According to the functional groups and their connection modes, aromatics were divided into eight subgroups:mono-benzyl compounds, parishins, poly-aromatic-substituted glycosides, poly-benzyl ethers, poly-benzyl compounds, heteroatomic aromatics, furan aromatics and other aromatics. Structural characteristics and pharmacological effects of each class of compounds in G. elata were reviewed in this paper, in order to lay the foundation for further research one pharmacological effects and structure-activity relationship of chemical constituents of G. elata.

R282.710.5

四川省科技计划项目（2019YFS0189）；四川省科技计划项目（2021YFYZ0012）