目的 对药用梅Prunus mume开展群体遗传学研究，揭示其遗传变异情况、单倍型地理分布格局，推测其起源和多样化中心。方法 采用叶绿体基因片段（psbA-trnH、rps16、trnS-trnG、ycf1b）对我国23个地区的药用梅野生群体进行测序，开展群体遗传多样性、遗传结构和历史动态分析。结果 药用梅共检测出20个单倍型，单倍型多样性（H_d）为0.790，核苷酸多样性（π）为0.001 71。AMOVA分析显示，药用梅在cpDNA水平上的遗传变异主要发生在群体间，表明该物种具有明显的谱系地理结构，群体间基因流主要以花粉流为主。中性检验和失配分布分析表明药用梅群体历史是基本稳定的，没有经历明显的快速扩张事件。单倍型中H2是分布最广泛的共享单倍型，H1、H15位于单倍型网络图中心位置。结论 药用梅具有明显的谱系地理结构，群体遗传性较高，四川、福建作为药用梅主产区，也是其起源和多样化中心。

Objective To study the population genetics of Prunus mume, reveal its genetic variation, haplotype geographical distribution pattern, and speculate its origin and diversification center. Methods Chloroplast gene fragments (psbA-trnH, rps16, trnS-trnG, ycf1b) were used to sequence the wild populations of medicinal plum from 23 regions in China, to carry out population genetic diversity, genetic structure and historical dynamic analysis. Results Twenty haplotypes were detected in P. mume populations, with a haplotype diversity (H_d) of 0.790 and a nucleotide diversity (π) of 0.001 71. AMOVA analysis showed that the genetic variation at the cpDNA level mainly occurred among populations, indicating that the species had an obvious phylogeographical structure in P. mume occurred mainly between populations, which indicated that the species had a distinct distinct genealogical geographic structure and that interpopulation the gene flow was mainly dominated by pollen flow. Neutral test and mismatch distribution analysis showed that the population history was largely stable and did not experience significant rapid expansion event. Among the haplotypes, H2 was the most widely distributed shared haplotype, while H1 and H15 were located in the center of the haplotype network diagram. Conclusion P. mume has obvious pedigree geographical structure with high population heritability, and the province of Sichuan and Fujian, as the main producing areas of P. mume, are also the centers of their origin and diversification.

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名贵中药资源可持续利用能力建设项目（2060302-2201-23）；中央财政林业科技推广示范资金项目（Z175070050002）