目的 比较不同产地、性别、树龄银杏Ginkgo biloba叶在同一采收期的质量，为其资源评价提供依据。方法 收集5个产地共36批的银杏单株叶样品，采用超高效液相色谱法测定芦丁、槲皮素、异鼠李素和山柰素含量。用国家药典委员会中药色谱指纹图谱相似度评价系统软件处理分析，建立银杏叶药材UPLC指纹图谱。结合主成分分析及偏最小二乘判别分析探讨不同性别银杏叶的质量差异。结果 各组样品相似度均大于0.85，雌株之间相似度低于雄株；产地、性别和树龄对银杏叶的化学成分组成和比例有一定的影响，成熟植株指纹图谱相似度变化幅度大于苗期植株；HM居群与其它居群样品的物候期不同。结论 不同产地雌雄株银杏叶的性状特征存在差异。LT居群银杏叶质量较佳且更稳定；苗期植株稳定性高于成熟植株；不同性别银杏叶质量差异标志物有所差异。为控制银杏叶内在质量建立了UPLC指纹图谱快速检测方法，并进行指纹图谱相似度评价，结合主成分分析及偏最小二乘判别分析方法用于分析不同性别银杏叶的质量，为银杏叶的质量比较和资源评价提供了科学依据。

Objective To compare the quality of Yinxingye (Ginkgo biloba leaves) from different producing areas, sexes, and tree ages in the same harvest period to provide the basis for resource evaluation.Methods The samples of G. biloba from five areas were investigated and collected, and the contents of rutin, quercetin, isorhamnetin and kaempferol were determined by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography (UPLC). The UPLC fingerprint of G. biloba was established by using the software of similarity evaluation system of chromatographic fingerprint of traditional Chinese medicine of National Pharmacopoeia Committee. The quality differences of G. biloba leaves of different sexes were discussed by principal component analysis and partial least square discriminant analysis. Results The similarity of samples in each group was greater than 0.85, and the similarity between female plants was lower than that between male plants. The origin, sex, and tree age had certain effects on the chemical composition and proportion of G. biloba leaves, and the similarity of fingerprint of mature plants was larger than that of seedling plants. Phenophase differences between HM population was different from other populations. Conclusion There are differences in the characters and characteristics of G. biloba leaves of male and female plants from different areas. The quality of G. biloba leaves in LT population is better and more stable. The stability of seedling plants is higher than mature plants. Besides, the quality differential markers of G. biloba leaves of different sexes are different. In this paper, UPLC fingerprint rapid detection method was established, and fingerprint similarity evaluation was carried out. Principal component analysis and partial least squares discriminant analysis were used to analyze the quality of G. biloba leaves with different genders, which provided a scientific basis for the quality comparison and resource evaluation of G. biloba leaves.

R286.2

浙江省重点研发项目(2021C04029)