目的 白木香Aquilaria sinensis是中国特有的、具有极高经济价值的珍稀濒危药用植物，由于人类对其自然资源的长期过度开发和生态破坏，白木香现仅有零星散生的野生资源，为更好地保护和利用白木香，现对其进行遗传多样性分析。方法 采集了中国14个地区的232份白木香样本，并利用ISSR标记对其进行遗传多样性评价。结果 ISSR标记具有较高的多态性（100%），表明ISSR是检测白木香遗传多样性的有效方法。对所有样本进行遗传分析，在相似系数为0.71时，可将其聚为4个类群。期望杂合度（H_e）、Shannon’s信息指数（I）在XL群体中最高，而61.84%的遗传变异发生在群体之间。种群结构分析表明，14个种群能够按照区域和来源进行严格划分，说明种群间的基因交换很少。结论 白木香种源有较好的遗传多样性，但野生资源大幅减少，需加强白木香资源的保护、繁育和利用。

Objective Aquilaria sinensis, a precious medicinal plant with high economic value, has been driven to the brink of depletion due to the long-term overexploitation of natural resources and ecological destruction by anthropogenic activities. There are only scattered wild resources of A. sinensis. In order to better protect and utilize schistosomiaceae, the genetic diversity of Aquilaria sinensis was analyzed.Methods A total of 232 samples of A. sinensis were collected from 14 areas in China and its genetic diversity was evaluated with ISSR markers. Results High levels of polymorphism (100%) were observed, indicating that ISSR was an efficient method to detect genetic diversity of wildA. sinensis. All samples were genetically analyzed and divided into four major clusters at the similarity coefficient of 0.71. The highest He and I values were observed in XL population and most genetic variations occurred among populations. The analysis of population structure showed that 14 populations were strictly divided by region and source, indicating that there was little gene exchange among A. sinensis resources. Conclusion There was a good genetic diversity in A. sinensis resources. Due to the sharp decrease of wild resources, the protection, breeding and utilization of A. sinensis resources should be strengthened.

R282.12

国家自然科学基金资助项目(81773829);广东省重点领域研发计划(2020B020221002);广东省科技项目(2015A030302084);广东省科技项目(2017A030303082);广东省科技项目(2017A030303081);广东省中管局项目(20163010)