纤维化是由于炎症导致器官实质细胞发生坏死，组织内细胞外基质异常增多和过度沉积引起的一种病理改变，以器官组织内纤维结缔组织增多、实质细胞减少为主要特征。纤维化的持续发展可致器官结构破坏和功能减退，乃至衰竭，严重威胁人类健康。人参皂苷包括Rg₁、Rg₃、Rd、Rb₁、Rh₁和AD₂等天然单体成分，其多种有益的生物学效应有助于治疗纤维化疾病，可通过调控转化生长因子-β（transforming growth factor-β，TGF-β）/Smad（small mothers against decapentaplegic）信号通路、核因子-κB（nuclear factor-κB，NF-κB）信号通路、p62/Kelch样环氧氯丙烷相关蛋白1（Kelch-like epichlorohydrin-associated protein 1，Keap1）/核因子红系2相关因子2（nuclear factor erythroid 2 related factor 2，Nrf2）通路、Janus激酶（Janus kinase，JAK）/信号转导和转录激活因子（signal transducer and activator of transcription 3，STAT3）/B淋巴细胞瘤-2（B-cell lymphoma-2，Bcl-2）通路、环腺苷酸（cyclic adenosine monophosphate，cAMP）/蛋白激酶A（cyclic-AMP dependent protein kinase A，PKA）通路、磷脂酰肌醇-3-羟激酶（phosphatidylinositol-3-hydroxykinase，PI3K）/蛋白激酶B（protein kinase B，Akt）及肝激酶B1（liver kinase B1，LKB1）/腺苷酸活化蛋白激酶（AMP-activated protein kinase，AMPK）/Sirtuin1（SIRT1）信号通路等干预纤维化的进展。主要针对人参皂苷对纤维化疾病的调控作用及分子干预机制进行综述，旨在为临床治疗纤维化相关疾病提供新的靶点和思路。

Fibrosis is one kind of pathological change of organ parenchymal cell necrosis, abnormal increase and the excessive deposition of extracellular matrix in tissues during the chronic inflammation. The main pathological feature of fibrosis is the increase of fibrous connective tissue and the decrease of parenchymal cells in organ tissues. The continuous development of fibrosis can lead to structural destruction and dysfunction of organs. Ginsenosides, including Rg₁, Rg₃, Rd, Rb₁, Rh₁, and AD₂ are considered as natural monomer ingredients, which are reported to possess several effects on interfering with the development of fibrosis through regulating transforming growth factor β (TGF-β)/small mothers against decapentaplegic (Smad), nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), p62/Kelch-like epichlorohydrin-associated protein 1 (Keap1)/nuclear factor erythroid 2 related factor 2 (Nrf2), Janus kinase (JAK)/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3)/B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2), cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP)/cyclic-AMP dependent protein kinase A (PKA), phosphatidylinositol-3-hydroxykinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (Akt) and liver kinase B1 (LKB1)/AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK)/Sirtuin1 (SIRT1) signaling pathways. This review mainly summarized the beneficial effects and molecular mechanisms of ginsenoside on diverse fibrotic diseases, in order to provide a novel avenue for the treatment of fibrotic diseases in clinic.

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国家自然科学基金面上项目（82000074）；辽宁省自然科学基金指导计划项目（20180550388）；辽宁省教育厅科学研究经费项目（jyt-dldxjc202005）；大连市青年科技之星基金项目（2020RQ080）；大学生创新创业训练计划项目（202111258172）