自从乌拉圭、加拿大和美国部分州将中药“火麻仁”的基原植物大麻Cannabis sativa合法化以来，工业大麻的市场价值逐年提高。高市值推动大麻基础研究迅猛发展，其遗传转化研究也实现了质的突破。目前，发根农杆菌介导的大麻毛状根转化、根癌农杆菌和纳米材料介导的大麻瞬时转化、病毒介导的基因沉默和大麻稳定转化均已实现，但是稳定遗传转化效率仍然不高。而建立高效的大麻遗传转化体系，不但可加速大麻分子生物学的研究，还可用于大麻新品种的创制。综述大麻遗传转化的研究进展，以期为深入开展大麻遗传转化提供参考。

The market value of Cannabis sativa that is the original plant of Chinese medicine Huomaren (Cannabis Fructus) has increased year by year since the legalization in Uruguay, Canada and United States. The increased market value pushes the advance of basic research and genetic transformation of C. sativa, and has achieved great breakthrough. So far, Agrobacterium rhizogenes mediated hairy root transformation, Agrobacterium tumefaciens and nanomaterials mediated transient transformation, virus induced gene silencing and stable transformation has been achieved, however, stable transformation efficiency is still lower. Establishment of efficient genetic transformation technology or improving transformation efficiency not only accelerates C. sativa molecular biology research, but also could be applied to create new varieties. Research progress on genetic transformation of C. sativa was reviewed in this paper, in order to provide reference for further study on genetic transformation of C. sativa.

R282.12

中国中医科学院优秀青年科技人才项目（ZZ14-YQ-028）