目的 以药用植物萹蓄Polygonum aviculare为材料，利用高通量技术测定基因组DNA序列，对叶绿体基因组进行组装和序列分析，为进一步开展药用植物萹蓄的群体遗传学和遗传多样性研究奠定基础。方法 利用华大MGISEQ-2000PE150测序平台，双末端测序策略对其全基因组DNA建库测序，测定萹蓄的基因组DNA序列，用NOVO Plasty组装叶绿体基因组，采用最大似然法（maximum likelihood，ML）构建系统进化树。结果 萹蓄叶绿体基因组全长为163 461 bp，GC值37.5%，具1个典型的四分区域结构，包括1个大单拷贝区（large single copy region，LSC）、1对反向重复区（inverted repeats，IR）和1个短单拷贝区（small single copy，SSC），序列长度分别为88 023、31 066、13 306 bp。萹蓄的叶绿体基因组共有130个基因，其中编码蛋白基因、rRNA基因与tRNA基因的数量分别为83、8、37个。系统进化分析表明，萹蓄与木蓼属的额河木蓼构成一单系分支，具有100%支持率。结论 萹蓄隶属于蓼科的蓼属，与木蓼属的额河木蓼亲缘关系较近。萹蓄叶绿体基因组的组装、序列特征、间隔区的筛选及系统进化分析为后续开展群体遗传学和遗传多样性研究奠定基础。

Objective The complete chloroplast genome of medicinal plant Polygonum aviculare sequenced by high-throughput technologies was assembled for the sequence analysis to provide evidence for its population genetics and diversity studies. Methods DNA library was constructed for P. aviculare with the paired-end strategy, and MGISEQ-2000PE150 was used to sequence DNA of P. aviculare in Beijing Genomics Institute (China). The complete chloroplast genome was assembled using NOVO Plasty software, and sequence analysis was performed based on gene annotation results. Phylogenetic analyses were performed using Maximum-Likelihood (ML) methods. Results The complete chloroplast genome of P. aviculare was 163 461 bp in length with a GC content of 37.5%. The chloroplast genome exhibited a typical quadripartite structure, including a large single copy region (LSC), a pair of inverted repeats (IR), and a small single copy (SSC), and the sequence lengths were 88 023, 31 066 and 13 306 bp. The chloroplast genome harbored 130 genes, including 83 protein-coding genes, eight rRNA genes, and 37 tRNA genes. Phylogenetic analyses result indicated that P. aviculare was sister to Atraphaxis irtyschensis with bootstrap value of 100%. Conclusion Our result verified that P. aviculare belonged to the Polygonaceae, and it was closely related to A. irtyschensis. Sequence assembly, sequence features, intergenic region screening and phylogenetic analysis of medicinal plant P. aviculare chloroplast genome provide a basis for its future studies on both population genetics and genetic diversity.

R286.12

国家自然科学基金面上项目（31770370）；河南省高等学校重点科研项目计划（18A360006）