目的 探讨西红花Crocus sativus根际可培养细菌菌群结构及其分布规律。方法 收集浙江建德、上海崇明、陕西澄城西红花球茎根际土，用传统涂布法分离根际细菌，分析根际细菌菌群结构、多样性及其与球茎生长性状、土壤理化因子间的相关性。结果 共分离得到西红花根际细菌2450株，划分为65个分类单元，归属到4个门，6个纲，17个科，28个属，31种；其中最优势门为厚壁菌门（Firmicutes，相对频率为66.76%），最优势属为芽孢杆菌属Bacillus（相对频率为57.71%）；产地和土壤理化因子影响西红花根际细菌多样性和菌群结构，陕西澄城2根际细菌多样性指数最高（H′＝2.590 1），土壤有效磷含量与多样性指数呈最大正相关（r＝0.910，P＜0.05）；有机质与苍白杆菌属分离频率呈最大负相关（r＝−0.956，P＜0.01）；球茎纵径与菌群多样性指数显著相关（r＝−0.806，P＜0.05）；球茎鲜质量与根际细菌菌群结构显著相关，其中球茎鲜质量与芽孢杆菌属分离频率呈最大正相关（r＝0.793，P＜0.05）。结论 西红花根际可培养细菌资源丰富，产地土壤理化因子、球茎鲜质量与西红花根际细菌菌群结构和多样性显著相关，高丰度芽孢杆菌属可能对西红花球茎生长起有益作用。

Objective To explore the rhizospheric bacterial community of Xihonghua (Crocus sativus) and analyze their correlation with physical and chemical properties of C. sativus rhizospheric soil and growth characteristics of C. sativus. Methods Rhizospheric bacteria were isolated from C. sativus rhizospheric soil collected from Zhejiang Jiande, Shanghai Chongming, and Shaanxi Chengcheng by the traditional coating method. Diversity and bacterial community were analyzed and their correlation with habitat factors and growth characteristics were studied.Results A total of 2 450 strains of rhizospheric bacteria were isolated and divided into 65 taxa belonging to 4 phyla, 6 classes, 17 families, 28 genera, and 31 species. The most dominant phylum was Firmicutes (RF＝66.76%) while the most dominant genus was Bacillus (RF＝57.71%). Habitat and physical and chemical properties significantly correlation with the diversity and community of the rhizospheric bacteria in C. sativus. The diversity index of Shaanxi Chengcheng 2 (H'＝2.590 1) was the highest. The correlation coefficient of the diversity index with available phosphorus content shows a significant positive correlation (r＝0.910, P＜0.05). Organic matter is closely related to community structure, whose correlation coefficient withRF ofOchrobactrum is the largest (r＝−0.956, P＜0.01). The longitudinal diameter of C. sativus corm significantly correlation with the diversity index (r＝−0.806, P＜0.05). Corm fresh weight significantly correlation with the rhizospheric bacterial community. The corm fresh weight had the largest positive correlation with the RF of Bacillus (r＝0.793, P＜0.05). Conclusion There are abundant resources of culturable bacteria in the rhizosphere of C. sativus. Physical and chemical properties and corm fresh weight significantly correlation with the community and diversity of rhizospheric bacteria in C. sativus, and the higher abundance of Bacillus may play a beneficial role in C. sativus corm growth.

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浙江中医药大学人才专项（2021ZR09）；浙江省医药卫生科技青年创新人才支持计划项目（2022RC052）；浙江省优势特色学科（中药学）开放基金资助项目（ZYAOX2018018）