目的 探究不同组方原理的中药汤剂伴侣用于经典名方抑苦掩味的适宜性。方法 以课题组前期基于“霰弹理论”提出的多途径抑苦掩味伴侣剂A（γ-环糊精＋纽甜＋mPEG₂₀₀₀-PLLA₂₀₀₀）与市售伴侣剂B（γ-环糊精＋罗汉果甜苷＋甜菊糖苷）为研究对象，选取三化汤、半夏泻心汤、当归六黄汤、黄连汤、清胃散5个不良味感突出且兼味差异明显的经典名方为模型药物，采用志愿者视觉模拟评分法、电子舌等方法研究2种伴侣剂的掩味效果与适用范围。结果 伴侣剂A、B对于苦味明显且兼有酸涩味的三化汤均有较好改善效果；但对于苦味更加强烈、味感更加复杂的其他经典名方，伴侣剂A的改善效果优于伴侣剂B。对于不同味感，伴侣剂A可改善苦味评分53%～71%，涩味评分约62%，酸味评分约30%，辣味评分38%～65%，且增甜效果明显；而伴侣剂B的掩味效果相对较弱，可改善苦味评分24%～52%，涩味评分约50%，酸味评分约21%，辣味评分19%～52%，增甜效果一般。结论 不同辅料的抑苦掩味特点不同，环糊精可广泛改善各类不良味感，mPEG₂₀₀₀- PLLA₂₀₀₀可缓和强烈苦味药物的入口口感，纽甜适用于苦味强烈且持久的药物掩味，罗汉果甜苷可较好改善汤剂余味，这是伴侣剂A掩味效果优于伴侣剂B的重要原因。

Objective To explore the suitability of traditional Chinese medicine decoction mates with different principles for inhibiting bitterness and masking taste in classic famous prescriptions. Methods Based on the multi-channel bitterness inhibiting and taste masking mate A (γ-cyclodextrin + neotame + mPEG₂₀₀₀-PLLA₂₀₀₀) proposed by the research group in the early stage based on the “grape-shot theory” and commercial mate B (γ-cyclodextrin + mogrosides + stevioside) as the research object, five classic prescriptions with a prominent bad taste and obvious difference in flavor, such as Sanhua Decoction (三化汤), Banxia Xiexin Decoction (半夏泻心汤), Danggui Liuhuang Decoction (当归六黄汤), Huanglian Decoction (黄连汤), and Qingwei Powder (清胃散), were selected as model drugs. The taste-masking effect and application scope of the two mates were studied by volunteer visual simulation score method and electronic tongue. Results Mate A and B had a good effect on Sanhua Decoction with obvious bitterness and acid astringency; However, for other classic prescriptions with a stronger bitterness and more complex taste, the improvement effect of mate A was better than that of mate B. For a different taste, mate A could improve the bitterness score by 53%—71%, astringency score by 62%, acidity score by 30%, and spicy score by 38%—65%, and the sweetening effect was obvious; The masking effect of mate B was relatively weak, which can improve the bitterness score of 24%—52%, astringency score of about 50%, acidity score of about 21%, spicy score of 19%—52%, and the sweetening effect was general. Conclusion Different excipients have different characteristics of inhibiting bitterness and masking taste. Cyclodextrin can widely improve all kinds of bad taste. mPEG₂₀₀₀-PLLA₂₀₀₀ can alleviate the entrance taste of strong bitter drugs. Neotame is suitable for drug masking with strong and lasting bitterness. Mogroside can better improve the aftertaste of decoction, which is an important reason why the masking effect of mate A is better than mate B.

R283.6

国家自然科学基金资助项目（81803745）；四川省科技厅杰出青年人才项目（2019JDJQ0007）；2019—2021年度中华中医药学会青年人才托举工程项目（2019-QNRC2-B05）