目的 纯化药用大黄Rheum officinale种质,比较传统型和不同变异类型药用大黄产量和内在品质差异,为药用大黄栽培及种质选择提供依据。方法 根据药用大黄外观形态制定不同变异类型标准,于采收期测定不同类型药用大黄产量,UPLC法测定游离蒽醌、结合蒽醌、鞣质和二蒽酮等14种功效成分含量。结果 药用大黄分为传统型和3种变异型(掌状中裂型、褐茎褐叶脉型和褐茎绿叶脉型)。3种变异型药用大黄产量均显著低于传统型(P<0.05);不同类型药用大黄的水分和水溶性浸出物差异不显著;3种变异型的总蒽醌含量和总游离蒽醌含量显著低于传统型(P<0.05),而二蒽酮含量均显著高于传统型(P<0.05),褐茎褐叶脉型的鞣质含量显著高于传统型(P<0.05)。与传统型相比,3种变异型药用大黄"泻下攻积"功效可能较强,"清热解毒"功效较弱,褐茎褐叶脉型可能更偏于"逐瘀通经"。结论 传统型药用大黄的产量和内在品质均优于3种变异型,药用大黄栽培过程中应注意种质筛选纯化;不同变异类型的功效偏性可为其"定向选育"提供参考。

Objective To purify the germplasm and reveal the yield and intrinsic quality differences of different variation types of Rheum officinale and to provide basis for germplasm selection. Methods The criterion of various varieties of R. officinale plants was set and the growth and yield were measured at the harvest stage. UPLC was used to measure the content of 14 functional components including 5 free anthraquinones, 5 binding anthraquinones, 2 tannins and 2 dianthraquinones. Results A total of three variation types were selected, named as palmately middle split type (B1), brown stem and brown vein type (B2) and brown stem and green vein type (B3). Compared with traditional type, the yield of the three variation types was lower. There were significant differences in the contents of 14 functional components (P < 0.05). Compared with traditional type, the contents of total free anthraquinone and total binding anthraquinone of the three variation types were lower, but the contents of total dianthraquinone were higher, and total tannin content of B2 type was significantly higher than that of traditional type. According to the content and proportion of efficacy components, these three variation types of R. officinale may have better purgation efficacy than the traditional type, but the efficacy of"clearing heat and detoxifing" may be lower, and the efficacy of "activate blood circulation to dissipate blood stasis" of B2 type may be higher than the traditional type. Conclusion The yield and index component of traditional type were superior to the three variation types, hence the germplasm purification is worth consideration in the cultivation of R officinale. The efficacy bias of different variation types of R. officinale provide references for its germplasm screening.

R286.12

中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助（KYZZ201912）；上海市“科技创新行动计划”产学研医合作领域项目（17DZ1920100）