目的 以藜芦属药用植物蒙自藜芦Veratrum mengtzeanum、大理藜芦V.taliense、狭叶藜芦V.stenophyllum和毛叶藜芦V.grandiflorum为材料，对其叶绿体基因组进行组装和序列分析。方法 采用高通量测序技术对4种植物叶绿体基因组进行测序，并且使用NOVOPlasty和Geneious R11软件分别组装和注释序列，在此基础上进行基本结构和系统发育分析。结果 藜芦属4种植物叶绿体基因组具有典型的环状四分体结构，全长151 875~153 711 bp，总GC含量37.7%~37.8%。藜芦属叶绿体基因组均注释到135个基因，其中蛋白质编码基因83~84个，rRNA基因8个和tRNA基因38个。通过比较发现，4种植物IR区边界未出现明显的扩张或收缩；毛叶藜芦叶绿体基因组序列较保守，变异位点少；蒙自藜芦、大理藜芦和狭叶藜芦序列变异较大，种间差异较小；此外，在一个大单拷贝区（large single copy region，LSC）和小单拷贝区（small single copy region，SSC）区筛选到13个高变片段。系统发育研究表明，毛叶藜芦与蒙自藜芦、大理藜芦和狭叶藜芦亲缘关系较远，后两者亲缘关系最近。结论 对藜芦属4种植物叶绿体基因组结构和系统发育关系进行了分析，为后续开展分子鉴定及群体遗传学研究提供了数据资料。

Objective The chloroplast genomes of Veratrum mengtzeanum, V. taliense, V. stenophyllum andV. grandiflorum were sequenced and assembled, laying a foundation for the further development of molecular identification and population genetics. Methods The chloroplast genomes of four Veratrum plants were sequenced using high-throughput sequencing technology. NOVOPlasty and Geneious R11 were used to assemble and annotate the chloroplast genomes from the sequence reads respectively. Comparative and phylogenetic analyses were conducted based on gene annotation results. Results The chloroplast genomes of Veratrum plants were 151 875—153 711 bp in length, GC content of 37.7%—37.8% and both exhibited the typical quadripartite circular structure. A total of 135 genes were annotated, including 83—84 protein-coding genes, 38 tRNA genes, eight rRNA genes. Comparative analyses of chloroplast genomes in four Veratrum plants revealed that no obvious expansion or contraction of the inverted repeat regions. The chloroplast genome sequence of V. grandiflorum was relatively conservative, with fewer mutation sites. The sequences variation of V. mengtzeanum, V. taliense and V. stenophyllum were relatively large, and the interspecific differentiation were relatively small. In addition, 13 sequences with higher variation interspecific were detected in the LSC and SSC regions. Phylogenetic trees showed that V. grandiflorum had farther relationship with V. mengtzeanum, V. taliense, V. stenophyllum, and the relationship between V. taliense and V. stenophyllum was the closest. Conclusion The complete chloroplast genome of four Veratrum medicinal plants and phylogenetic relations were analyzed in this study, and the results will provide data information for the further development of molecular identification and population genetics.

R282.12

国家自然科学基金资助项目（81560613）；2018年中医药公共卫生服务补助专项“全国中药资源普查项目”（财社[2018]43号）；云南省中青年学术技术带头人后备人才（202105AC160050）；云南省高层次人才培养支持计划“青年拔尖人才”专项（YNWR-QNBJ-2020-278）