目的 从药效与灰化2个角度阐释“炒炭存性”原理，并优选地榆炒炭工艺及探讨炮制质量标志物（quality marker，Q-Marker）与灰化临界点参数。方法 考察炒炭温度、时间对地榆炮制品外观性状、提取物得率、指标性成分、金黄色葡萄球菌抑制效果的影响，以此优选炮制工艺。结果 随炒炭程度增加，地榆炭提取物中没食子酸含量先增后减，鞣花酸一直增加。地榆在抗菌效果方面炮制增效，从而阐释“炒炭存性”；地榆炭对金黄色葡萄球菌的抑菌效果与提取物中没食子酸的含量呈较强正向相关性。地榆炭提取物得率与提取物中鞣花酸含量呈极强的反向相关性（r=—0.964 03），地榆炭提取物得率突然下降时，饮片质地开始出现脆化、灰化现象。获得的最优地榆炒炭工艺：在250℃温度条件下炒炭6 min，此时提取物得率约30%，没食子酸在提取物［（46.41±0.06）μg/mg］和饮片中［（14.20±0.02）μg/mg］含量相较于其他炮制条件最高。结论 提出用没食子酸含量指导地榆炒炭工艺，用提取物得率控制灰化临界点的研究思路，并优化了基于抑菌效应的地榆炮制工艺。

Objective The theory of "Maintaining medicinal properties after carbonisatus (MMPC)" was explained from the perspectives of pharmacodynamics and ashing. Meanwhile, the processing method of carbonizing by stir-frying of Sanguisorbae Radix (SR) was optimized and the quality markers (Q-Marker) in processing as well as the parameters characterizing ashing critical point were discussed. Methods The effects of temperature and time of carbonizing by stir-frying on the appearance, yield, the index composition and inhibition on Staphylococcus aureus of CharredSanguisorbae Radix (CSR) were investigated to optimize processing technology. Results The results showed that with the aggravation of processing degree, the content of gallic acid in CSR extract increased first and then decreased, while ellagic acid kept increasing. Antibacterial effect of CSR was confirmed to increase by processing, explaining the MMPC principle. Meanwhile, there was a strong and positive correlation between the bacteriostatic effects and the content of gallic acid in CSR extract. The yield of CSR extract and the ellagic acid content in extract showed a strong reverse correlation (correlation coefficient=−0.964 03). It was observed that when the yield of CSR extract suddenly declined, the texture of medicinal materials begun embrittling and ashing. Moreover, the best processing condition of CSR was obtained:SR was carbonized by stir-frying at the temperature of 250℃ for 6 min. This moment, the extract yield was about 30% and the content of gallic acid reached the peak in both the extract[(46.41 ±0.06) μg/mg] and medicinal materials[(14.20 ±0.02)μg/mg]. The bacteriostatic effects of CSR were better than those of the raw SR.Conclusion In this study, the authors put forward the research idea of using gallic acid content in extract to guide the carbonizing by stir-frying technology of SR and controlling the critical point of ashing by the yield of extract, and optimize the processing technology of SR based on bacteriostatic effect.

R283.1

江苏省中医药科技发展计划青年基金项目（QN202005）；江苏省药学会—靳培英基金项目（J2021002）