石斛被誉为"中华九大仙草"之首，具有益胃生津、滋阴清热等功效。古语有言"民以食为天"，肠胃健康是人体机能正常运转的必要条件，石斛"厚肠胃"功效不仅应用于传统中医药学，在现代医学实验研究方面也得到科学论证，其中石斛在胃肠道疾病，如溃疡性结肠炎、肠易激综合征等疾病的治疗中发挥关键作用。综述了近年来石斛在胃肠道疾病中的应用，探讨了石斛肠胃保护的作用机制，发现胃黏膜损伤、胃溃疡、胃炎、胃癌、消化不良等模型常用于石斛的肠胃保护功能评价体系，其作用机制与调节肠道菌群、促进胃酸分泌、改善肠胃蠕动及抑制胃黏膜损伤等相关。但这些生物模型仍存在模型单一、药理研究不深入、药理机制不清等问题。因此，在传统研究的基础上，将转录组学、蛋白质组学、代谢组学等分子生物学前沿技术和手段运用到石斛的研究当中，为石斛在临床及功能食品方面的广泛应用奠定基础。

Shihu (Dendrobii Caulis), known as the first of the "Chinese immortal herb", has the effects of producing saliva, nourishing yin and clearing heat in stomach. As the old saying goes, "Food is the first necessity of the people", and gastrointestinal health is a necessary condition for the normal functioning of the human body. The strengthening enterogastric function of Dendrobii Caulis has not only been applied to traditional Chinese medicine, but also been scientifically demonstrated in modern medical experimental researches, in which Dendrobii Caulis plays a key role in the treatment of gastrointestinal diseases, such as ulcerative colitis and irritable bowel syndrome. This paper reviews the application of Dendrobii Caulis in gastrointestinal diseases in recent years, and discusses the mechanism of its gastrointestinal protection. The models, such as gastric mucosal injury model, gastric ulcer model, gastritis model, gastric cancer model, dyspepsia model, and others are usually used in the gastrointestinal protection evaluation system of Dendrobii Caulis. The mechanism is regulating intestinal flora, promoting gastric acid secretion, improving gastrointestinal motility, and inhibiting gastric mucosal damage, etc. However, these biological models still have some deficiencies, such as model simplification, lack of pharmacological researches, and unclear pharmacological mechanism. Therefore, transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics are suggested to be applied to the future studies, which lay the foundation for the extensive applications of Dendrobii Caulis in the fields of clinical and functional foods.

R282.710.5

中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项（Y2020XK24，Y2020PT33，SN2020-03）；中国农业科学院创新工程（CAAS-ASTIP-2020-IFST）；财政部和农业农村部国家现代农业产业技术体系