目的 为揭示新疆啤酒花Humulus lupulus野生与栽培个体间的遗传关系、遗传结构及野生资源的遗传潜力。方法 利用SLAF-seq简化基因组测序技术，对新疆20个野生个体和18个栽培个体的SNP位点进行了开发与鉴定。利用系统发育分析、群体遗传结构分析和主成分分析（principal component analysis，PCA）等方法，从基因组水平揭示了野生种与栽培种之间的遗传结构。结果 结果表明，通过SLAF-seq测序共获得863 228个SLAF标签，其中多态性SLAF标签有443 922个，共获得2 867 140个SNP位点。系统发育分析表明，野生个体和栽培个体整体上可各自分为2个聚类簇。总的Shanon-Wiener指数平均为0.397，其中野生个体为0.455，栽培个体为0.398；总的Nei多样性指数平均为0.249，其中野生个体为0.293，栽培个体为0.250。AMOVA分析表明，啤酒花的主要遗传变异主要来源于群体间，野生个体与栽培个体之间具有较大的遗传分化。结论 新疆分布的野生啤酒花个体与栽培个体之间存在较大的遗传分化，但是野生啤酒花个体具有较高的遗传多样性，说明新疆啤酒花的野生资源具有较高的遗传育种潜力。

Objective In order to uncover the genetic relationship and structure between wild and cultivated individuals and the genetic potential of wild resources of Humulus lupulus in Xinjiang Province. Methods A large number of SNP loci developed from 20 wild individuals and 18 cultivated individuals in Xinjiang were identified based on SALF_seq simplified genomic technology. From the filtered SNPs, the phylogenetic analysis, population genetic structure, and principal component analysis (PCA) were used to reveal the genetic structure between wild and cultivated species at the whole genome level. Results The results showed that 863 228 SLAF tags were obtained, including 443 922 polymorphic SLAF tags. Through sequence analysis, 2 867 140 SNPs were obtained. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the vast majority of wild individuals and cultivated individuals can be grouped into two categories. The average Shanon Wiener index of H. lupulus was 0.397, the wild group was 0.455, the cultivated group was 0.398; and the average Nei diversity index was 0.249, the wild group was 0.293, the cultivated group was 0.250. The AMOVA showed the main genetic variation of H. lupulus be observed between groups. Conclusion There is a large genetic differentiation between wild H. lupulus and cultivated species in Xinjiang, but the individual of wild H. lupulus has high genetic diversity, which indicates that the wild resources of H. lupulus in Xinjiang have high genetic breeding potential.

R286.12

国家自然科学基金地方联合基金资助项目（U1603283）；自治区引进高层次人才天池计划（2016，张本刚）