目的 探讨毛冬青三萜皂苷对动脉粥样硬化（atherosclerosis，AS）大鼠肠道菌群的影响。方法 采用高脂饮食联合ip维生素D₃诱导AS大鼠模型，给予辛伐他汀和毛冬青三萜皂苷进行干预，检测各组大鼠血清中总胆固醇（total cholesterol，TC）、三酰甘油（triglycerides，TG）、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（low density lipoprotein cholesterol，LDL-C）、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（high density lipoprotein cholesterol，HDL-C）、一氧化氮（nitric oxide，NO）、内皮素-1（endothelin-1，ET-1）、血管紧张素-II（angiotensin-II，Ang-II）水平；采用苏木素-伊红（HE）染色法观察各组大鼠胸主动脉病理变化；通过高通量测序检测各组大鼠肠道菌群变化。结果 与模型组比较，毛冬青三萜皂苷组AS斑块减少，血管内皮功能改善，血清中TC、ET-1和Ang-II水平显著降低（P<0.05、0.01），HDL-C、NO水平明显升高（P<0.05、0.01），NO/ET-1显著升高（P<0.05、0.01）。16S rRNA测序结果显示，模型组大鼠肠道菌群紊乱，经毛冬青三萜皂苷干预后大鼠肠道菌群结构改善，拟杆菌等益生菌相对丰度增加，大肠杆菌等致病菌相对丰度降低。结论 毛冬青三萜皂苷可以调节AS大鼠肠道菌群结构，对AS大鼠具有较好的治疗作用。

Objective To investigate the effect of triterpene saponins from Ilex pubescens (IPTS) on intestinal flora in atherosclerotic (AS) rats. Methods High-fat diet combined with ip vitamin D₃ was used to induce AS rats model, simvastatin and IPTS were used for intervention. Total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), nitric oxide (NO), endothelin-1 (ET-1) and angiotensin-II (Ang-II) levels in serum of rats in each group were detected; Hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining method was used to observe the pathological changes of thoracic aorta of rats in each group; High-throughput sequencing was used to detect the changes in intestinal flora of rats in each group. Results Compared with model group, AS plaques in IPTS group was reduced, vascular endothelial function was improved, levels of TC, ET-1 and Ang-II in serum were significantly reduced (P < 0.05, 0.01), levels of HDL-C and NO were increased (P < 0.05, 0.01), and NO/ET-1 was increased (P < 0.05, 0.01). 16S rRNA sequencing results showed that intestinal flora of rats in model group was disordered, the structure of intestinal flora of rats was improved after the intervention of IPTS, the relative abundance of probiotics such as Bacteroidetes were increased, and relative abundance of pathogenic bacteria such as Escherichia were decreased. Conclusion IPTS can regulate the structure of intestinal flora of AS rats and has a good therapeutic effect on AS rats.

R285.5

国家自然科学基金资助项目（81803824）；广东省科技计划项目（2016A020226031）；广东省自然科学基金资助项目（2018A030313328）；广东省中医药局项目（20211112）