目的 为探究不同初加工干燥方法（晒干、阴干、热风干燥）对半夏Pinelliae Rhizoma药材块茎外观性状、内在结构及品质的影响规律，筛选适宜的半夏药材产地干燥加工方法。方法 通过比较晒干、阴干、热风干燥（40、55、70℃）方法下潜江新鲜半夏水分比、干燥速率随干燥时间的动态变化规律以及对半夏药材外观性状、折干率、密度、灰分、浸出物、淀粉以及核苷类成分（鸟苷、尿苷、腺苷、肌苷、尿嘧啶、次黄嘌呤）含量的影响，对药材品质进行综合性评价。结果 鲜半夏采用传统阴干耗时最长，约179 h，药材表面变为黑褐色，品相差，切面呈絮状，粉性不足；晒干较阴干耗时缩短40.8%，药材外观性状好，密度高，质坚实，直链淀粉含量最高，核苷类成分含量整体较高；鲜半夏采用热风干燥处理速率加快，耗时较阴干法缩短59.8%～89.9%，密度随温度升高而降低，药材内部出现开裂甚至空心的现象，角质样严重，支链淀粉含量高，粉性降低，55℃烘干处理品相较好，浸出物含量随温度升高较阴干法降低7.8%～24.6%，尿苷、尿嘧啶、腺苷70℃烘干时含量最高，次黄嘌呤与肌苷含量40℃与55℃烘干处理最高，鸟苷含量阴干处理最高。结论 从外观性状、药效成分含量及成本等因素综合考虑，半夏药材产地加工方法以晒干为宜；若药材加工量较大，半夏药材产地加工可以采用日光温室大棚多层晾晒技术和开发低温仿日晒干燥技术。

Objective In order to explore the influence of different primary drying methods (sun-drying, shade-drying, and hot-air drying) on the appearance characteristics, internal structure and quality and select the suitable drying and processing methods of Banxia (Pinelliae Rhizoma). Methods In this study, comparing the fresh Pinelliae Rhizoma's dynamic changes of the moisture content ratio and drying rate with different drying time under sun-drying, drying-in-the-shade, and hot air drying (40, 55, and 70℃), the effects of different drying methods on the appearance, drying rate, density, ash, extractives, starch and nucleoside (guanosine, uridine, adenosine, inosine, uracil, and hypoxanthine) and the quality of Pinelliae Rhizoma was evaluated comprehensively. Results The results showed that it took the longest time for fresh Pinelliae Rhizoma to reach the water equilibrium point by traditional shading drying, about 179 h. The surface of Pinelliae Rhizoma turned black and brown, the appearance was worse, the section was flocculent, and the powder was insufficient. The time of sun-drying was 40.8% shorter than that of shade-drying. The medicinal materials had good appearance, high density and solid quality. The content of amylose was the highest, and the content of nucleosides was higher overall. Hot air drying processing speed is accelerated, and the time consumption was 59.8%-89.9% shorter than that of drying-in-the-shade, the density decreases with temperature rise, the inner cracking and even the phenomenon of hollow, serious horniness samples, high amylopectin, powder reduced, the appearance was better under 55℃ drying, extract content varied with temperature was reduced by 7.8%-24.6% than drying-in-the-shade, After 70℃ hot air drying, the contents of uridine, uracil, adenosine was highest, however, hypoxanthine and inosine was highest under 40℃ and 55℃ hot air drying, while the content of guanosine was highest under drying-in-the-shade. Conclusion Based on the comprehensive consideration of appearance characteristics, the content of pharmacological components and cost, sun-drying was the best processing method for Pinelliae Rhizoma. If the medicinal material processing quantity was large, the processing methods of Pinelliae Rhizoma can adopt solar greenhouse multilayer drying technology and develop low temperature insolation drying technology.

R283.1

湖北省技术创新专项（2019ACA119）；国家重点研发计划（2017YFC1700704）；现代农业产业技术体系建设专项资金资助（CARS-21）