目的 以不同栽培模式下的人参根际土壤为研究对象，分析红松下种植人参、农田土壤种植下的人参根际土壤微生物菌群落多样性及群落功能特征的变化，探讨环境土壤微生物对林下人参、大棚人参生长的影响。方法 采用第三代测序技术，对不同种植模式人参根际土壤中的优势菌群和差异微生物进行分析。结果 在林下参根际土壤中检测到α-变形杆菌-13-2-20CM-2-64-7、慢生根瘤菌属的erythrophlei、SP-URHD0069、Lablabi、硝化螺旋菌SCGC-AG-212-E16、放线菌-13-1-2CM-4-69-9为优势菌种，这些固氮菌在加强了林下人参的养分吸收，在增加森林碳汇方面起到积极作用，同时增强了林下人参的抗逆性。相同年限的大棚人参根际土壤中检测出单胞菌、荧光假单胞菌、诺卡氏菌-SP-lS0805N、诺卡氏菌terrae、γ-变形杆菌-13-2-20CM-66-19显著增多，其中氨化细菌，纤维素分解菌、硝化菌丰度较高，这与种植方式比如施肥，翻耕、农药使用有密切联系。结论 不同的栽培模式影响着人参根际土壤微生物菌群落多样性，及菌群功能特征。为后期人参绿色种植提供理论依据，为人参农林复合经营的可持续发展提供参考。

Objectives The rhizosphere soil of Panax ginseng under different cultivation modes which collected from Benxi, Liaoning Province were studied in this article. The diversity of rhizosphere soil and the changes in functional microbial communities were analyzed between under forestry Panax ginseng and Greenhouses P. ginseng. Methods Next generation sequencing technology was used to analyze the dominant flora and differential microorganisms in the rhizosphere soil of P. ginseng under different planting patterns. Result Alphaproteobacteria-bacterium-13-2-20CM-2-64-7, Bradyrhizobium-erythrophlei, Bradyrhizobium-SP-URHD0069, Bradyrhizobium-Lablabi, Nitrosomonas-sp-scGC-AG-212-E16 and actinomycetes-13-1-2 cm-4-69-9 were the dominant bacterias which detected from rhizosphere soil of Panax ginseng under forest. These nitrogen-fixing bacteria enhanced the nutrient absorption of underforest ginseng, which played a positive role in increasing forest carbon sink, and enhanced the resistance of ginseng.In the same aged ginseng in greenhouse, there was a significant increase of Pseudomonadac、Pseudomonas-fluorescens,Nocardioides-sp-Iso805N,Nocardioides-terrae,Gammaproteobacteria-bacterium-13-2-20CM-66-19 in its rhizosphere soil. Among them, ammoniating bacteria, cellulose decomposing bacteria and nitrification bacteria are abundant, by which related to planting methods such as fertilization, tillage and pesticide used. Conclusion Different cultivation patterns affect the diversity and functional characteristics of rhizosphere soil microflora of ginseng,This study provides theoretical basis for green ginseng planting in the later stage and provides reference for the sustainable development of ginseng agroforestry.

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国家重点研究计划（2018YFD0201107）；云南省重大科技专项（2019ZG00901，202102AE090042）；国家中药材产业技术体系（CARS-21-05B）；云南省千人计划高端外国专家专项资助（2019013），2020年云南省级财政林业科技推广示范专项（〔2020〕ts09号）