目的 以采自11个省共27个居群的大黄Rhei Radix et Rhizoma药材的根为研究对象，测定其总蒽醌及5个游离蒽醌成分的含量，为大黄的道地性形成研究提供参考。方法 采用赛分RP-C₁₈液相色谱柱（Amethyst C₁₈-H，250 mm×4.6 mm，5 μm），以甲醇-0.1%磷酸水（85：15）溶液为流动相，体积流量1 mL/min，柱温30℃，检测波长为254 nm。利用主成分分析（principal components analysis，PCA）、偏最小二乘法判别分析（partial least squares discrimination analysis，PLS-DA）、正交偏最小二乘法判别分析（orthogonal partial least squares discrimination analysis，OPLS-DA）及聚类分析等方法对含量测定结果进行分析。结果 所选取的大黄药材均达到了《中国药典》2020年版规定的总蒽醌及5个游离蒽醌的含量标准，根据蒽醌成分含量差异可将不同居群的大黄划分为2大类，并与大黄传统的道地产区和非道地产区相吻合。芦荟大黄素、大黄素及大黄酸的含量在2组之间具有显著性差异，表现为道地产区的含量显著高于非道地产区。结论 不同产地的大黄蒽醌含量存在明显差异，蒽醌含量可作为评价大黄的道地性指标。

Objective To provide a reference for the study of the geoherblism formation of rhubarb, the content of total anthraquinone and five free anthraquinone compounds of source plants of rhubarb collected from 27 populations of 11 provinces were determined. Methods Amethyst C₁₈-H column (4.6 mm×250 mm, 5 μm) was chosen, the mobile phase consisted of methanol-0.1% phosphoric acid water (85:15) with isocratic elution at a flow of 1.0 mL·min^-1, and the column temperature was 30℃. The detection wavelength was set at 230 nm. The results were analyzed using multiple statistical methods (e.g., principal components analysis (PCA), partial least squares discrimination analysis (PLS-DA), orthogonal partial least squares discrimination analysis (OPLS-DA) and cluster analysis). Results The content of total anthraquinone and five free anthraquinone compounds was in accord with the standard of Chinese Pharmacopoeia, and the rhubarb from different populations could be divided into two clusters, which is consistent with the traditional geoherb and the non-geoherb areas. In addition, the content of three compounds, namely aloe-emodin, emodin and rhein, in the geoherb areas were significantly higher than that of non-geoherb areas. Conclusions There are significant differences among the anthraquinone content from different populations, which can be used as the index to evaluate geoheblism of rhubarb.

R286.2

国家自然科学基金资助项目（31770364）