慢性肾病（chronic kidney disease，CKD）逐渐成为严重的医疗问题和社会性问题，不仅因为终末期肾病对患者带来的严重健康危害，同时高昂的医疗费用也为社会带来巨大的经济负担。虽然临床上有部分CKD及其并发症（贫血、高磷血、甲旁亢等）的治疗药物，但整体上对CKD进展的控制仍不尽人意。中医对于CKD的辨证论治方面有独特完备的理论，在临床实践中多种经方和验方展现出了优良的疗效。对临床使用的CKD治疗药物和在临床试验阶段的药物，以及中医药对CKD的研究进展进行系统总结，并对新机制药物及细胞治疗与基因治疗等新靶点、新技术进行梳理，以及中医药治疗CKD的前景进行展望，以期为CKD药物的研发及产业化提供支持。

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) has gradually become a serious medical and social problem, not only because end-stage renal disease brings the serious health hazards to patients, but also the high medical costs bring a huge economic burden to society. Although there are some drugs for the treatment of CKD and its complications (anemia, hyperphosphatemia, hyperparathyroidism, etc.) in clinic, the overall control of disease progression is still unsatisfactory. Traditional Chinese medicine has a unique and complete theory on syndrome differentiation for the treatment of CKD. In clinical practice, a variety of prescriptions and proven prescriptions have shown excellent efficacy. Therefore, it is of great significance to summarize the existing CKD treatment drugs, the drugs in clinical trials and the research progress of traditional Chinese medicine on CKD. It is necessary to review the new mechanism drugs, new targets and new technologies of cell therapy and gene therapy, as well as new technique and etc., which can provide support for the research and development and industrialization of CKD drugs.

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科技部重大专项（2018ZX09735005）；国家自然科学基金资助项目（82003580）